由假禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium pseudograminearum引起的小麦茎基腐病是一种重要的土传病害,生产上亟需一种安全有效的防控方法。本研究利用枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05与申嗪霉素复配,并评价该复配制剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果。结果显示当申嗪霉素浓度低于500μg/m L时,对YB-05的菌落生长无显著影响;室内盆栽及田间试验表明枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05菌液和1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂按照19:1（vt/vt）复配生物制剂20m L/kg拌种处理发病最轻,均超过了高剂量的单剂处理（枯草芽胞杆菌YB-0530m L/kg拌种处理和1%申嗪霉素2 mL/kg拌种处理）和4.8%适麦丹水悬浮剂2 mL/kg拌种处理,并且具有一定的促生和增产作用。其中,复配制剂室内防治效果为69.8%,在两次的田间调查中防治效果分别为57.8%和45.7%。由此可见,枯草芽胞杆菌与申嗪霉素复配具有协同增效的作用,可以减少化学农药的使用,具有较好的开发利用潜力。

To identify the mycotoxin chemotype and SCAR in Fusarium graminearum of winter wheat in Henan areas. The diseased heads of wheat heads blight are widely sampled in the main areas of wheat production in Henan. A total of 47 F. graminearum isolates are separated. The result of detection by using mycotoxin chemotype primers is that 27 F. graminearum isolates are 15-AcDON chemotype(57.45%),and 19 F. graminearum isolates are 3-AcDON chemotype(40.43%),while only one F. graminearum isolate is the NIV chemotype(2.13%). The 15-AcDON chemotype isolates are SCARⅠ. The 3-AcDON and NIV chemotype isolates are SCARⅤ. It suggestes that the 15-AcDON toxin producer is the dominant population,and the 3-AcDON toxin producer is the minor population,while the NIV toxin producer is very low.