针对我国西南地区地形变化多端、地质复杂多样等特点,分析总结西南地区铁路轨道工程建设面临的关键问题,包括短路基频繁过渡导致轨道结构无法成段铺设、线下基础易变形导致轨道变形超限、高烈度地震区分布广泛等.针对线下基础频繁多变和变形不易控制问题,设计了单元分块式无砟轨道技术方案;针对线下基础上拱影响运营安全且无法预测,研发了高承轨台无砟轨道及配套打磨技术和装备,并开展上线试验验证;针对特殊大跨度桥梁线形控制困难问题,研发了聚氨酯固化道床技术和轨道线形施工控制技术;针对高烈度地震区无砟轨道与线下基础之间的薄弱环节,提出无砟轨道加强技术方案.上述西南地区铁路轨道设计创新技术已在沪昆、云桂高铁等项目得到应用和验证,效果良好.

为探索和加快研究落实铁路轨道工程数字化,在宁淮高铁轨道工程设计中进行了BIM技术应用,基于专用轨道BIM设计软件进行了快速建模和设计成果交付.基于创建的轨道模型,实现了轨道工程与线下基础之间的接口检查及优化、轨道工程数量自动统计、轨道工程二维图纸输出和无砟轨道关键施工数据提取等应用,在保证BIM设计效率的同时取得了满意效果,交付成果满足轨道设计和铁路行业BIM相关标准要求.铁路轨道工程BIM技术应用方法具有普遍适用性,可在高速铁路、城际铁路、客货共线铁路以及城市轨道交通等轨道设计中推广使用.

本文针对既有CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道能否满足400 km/h及以上速度列车正常运行的问题,基于有限元方法建立了CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道的车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,分析了列车以400～600 km/h速度正常通过桥梁与路基基础直线地段时车辆与轨道的动力特性,并参考《高速铁路工程动态验收技术规范》的规定限值,对各项动力性能指标进行评判.研究结果表明:(1)CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道结构与技术标准满足400 km/h+高速列车的正常运行条件,随着列车速度的增大,轮重减载率有较明显的增大;(2)列车舒适性与平稳性均处于较优状态,无砟轨道各动力性能指标均未超过最大允许值;(3)相较于桥梁基础,路基基础上的列车轮重减载率较小,轨道板垂向位移偏大,为确保400 km/h及以上速度列车的长期运营安全,路基基础刚度不宜过低.

针对莫斯科至喀山高铁所具有的高速、宽轨距、严寒、高温差且采用客货混运的特点,论述了该项目轨道系统的设计理念,介绍了无砟轨道系统选型、轨道与车辆系统耦合动力学分析、高速道岔系统的研制及CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道板最优化配置等创新设计成果.

道岔是实现列车转线运行的轨道结构,是高速铁路建设中的关键技术之一.为满足俄罗斯莫斯科至喀山高速铁路建设需求,基于高速道岔动力分析理论,设计了适合时速400 km宽轨距高速道岔,主要包括平面线型、直基本轨顶面加工廓形、翼轨垂向抬高结构和弹性均匀的岔区轨道刚度设计.为解决大温差地区高速道岔无缝化难题,研发了适应大伸缩量的新型钩型锁闭机构以及尖轨跟端传力结构型式,既保证了道岔的高平顺性又可有效传递温度力.另外基于有限元原理,建立高速道岔转换计算模型,对转换牵引点间距及其动程进行优化设计,可确保高速道岔可靠锁闭及有效控制长大可动轨件转换不足位移.

根据板式无砟轨道中轨道板配置的特点,为减少特殊轨道结构类型并保持最优轨道结构设计参数,达到在设计、施工及运维全寿命周期中技术经济最优的目标,文章建立了基于非线性整数规划的数学模型,借助计算机软件辅助分析,更快、更合理的配置轨道板的铺设方案.通过分析,发现非线性整数规划可有效的解决无砟轨道轨道板的优化配置问题,使得板式无砟轨道在设计中达到合理的资源配置,提高轨道板配置方案的科学性和合理性,具有较重要的应用价值.

The invention discloses a novel vibration-isolation noise-reduction flexible rail web covering part for a modern tram. The rail web covering part comprises an outer side flexible rail web covering part body and an inner side flexible rail web covering part body which are installed on a groove rail flangeway. The boundary dimensions of the outer side flexible rail web covering part body and the inner side flexible rail web covering part body are produced according to the dimension of a groove rail web and are set specific to the dimensions of an outer side rail web and an inner side rail web of a groove rail respectively, so that the attaching property is better, the attaching gap between the covering part and the groove rail web is reduced, and steel rail vibration can be transmitted to covering materials to the maximum degree. The outer side flexible rail web covering part body and the inner side flexible rail web covering part body are each provided with a separation type echo groove made of flexible damping materials, a supporting position paved with pavement caulking materials, a compression-resistant buffer strip made of flexible damping materials and a rail bottom covering material installation position made of flexible damping materials. The vibration-reduction and noise-reduction effects of the tram can be better improved, and the sitting comfort and stability of the tram can be effectively improved by combining the noise-reduction property of an echo area and the vibration-reduction property of the flexible damping materials.

为了得出城市轨道交通无砟轨道岔区竖向刚度的分布规律,建立了道岔区轨道结构刚度有限元计算模型.模型中考虑了钢轨抗弯刚度、扣件刚度、基础刚度和滑床台、间隔铁、顶铁及辙叉区护轨等因素的影响.计算了铺设在整体道床上的9号固定辙叉道岔的整体刚度.仿真计算结果表明:道岔整体刚度沿线路纵向存在很大差异,其中辙叉范围刚度最大,转辙器范围刚度次之;非基本轨与基本轨整体刚度比最大约1.78,非基本轨整体刚度纵向变化率最大约188％.为消除铺设在无砟轨道上的道岔刚度不平顺,提出了相应的刚度均匀化方案,可大幅缓解岔区轨道刚度的不均匀现象.

Taking the track structure of express subway city rail transit as the object,according to its characteristics using elastic foundation composite beam model theory to build up model,this paper analyzed the dynamic response situation of track structure under different speeds,different fasteners stiffness and different fasteners support spacing situations and the influence of different parameters to track structure,provided reference and basis for similar engineering track structure design and engineering practice.

基于AutoCAD平台提供的.NET API接口,探讨和实现了地铁铺轨综合设计图的自动化绘制,提高了地铁铺轨综合设计图的出图效率和质量.软件已在成都地铁、宁波地铁部分线路应用及验证,取得了很好的效果.

The paper analyzes the current situation and the existing problems in designing of the railway track engineering as well as the advantage of BIMtechnology used in track engineering,and discusses the design mode,application system design and implemented method of three-dimensional digital track engineering based on BIM technology.In the design, repeatability and process not involved with track design technology innovation are packaged in BIM model and auto-com-pleted by computer application system;meanwhile,track BIMmodel can be embedded in railway project BIMmodel,its action runs through the project life cycle.The study indicates that the application of BIM technology in railway track de-signing is necessary and feasible,because it can free human resources,promote innovation development of track system technology,solve the existing issues,and it has a significant advantage in quality control and improving efficiency and in designing.

It was discussed the theoretic model with its establishment methods for the Design System of the railway track based on feature, and instituted the theoretic model of components in railway track design including rail, fastening, sleeper, track bed, switch, etc. It was analyzed the established model with the ideas of Object-Oriented Programming, described and implemented the feature-based model by the methods of establishing feature classes together with their inheritance class. It was also talked about the ideas of how to implement the Design System by the development on the platform of AutoCAD using the interface of ObjectARX.NET or .Net managed procedure. Finally, it was talked about the application of real-time nature, security and sharing of the network in the Design System of rail track.

由于地下空间的不断利用,出现了重叠隧道。这种情况下两座隧道将会相互影响。应用ANSYS程序对出现此现象的温福铁路?头岭隧道下穿同三高速公路?头岭隧道左右线进行开挖中的力学过程模拟。计算表明:重叠隧道拱顶下沉及两隧道间土体的稳定难以控制,上面第1孔隧道易发生结构整体下沉,?头岭隧道所采用的施工方法是合理有效的。

依托温福铁路Ⅳ标段琯头岭隧道洞身下穿公路隧道段,结合超浅埋隧道工程施工和支护特点,应用大型有限元分析软件(ANSYS8.0)模拟三维开挖掘进。使用两种开挖方法,即小导洞超前法和双侧壁导坑法。通过对既有公路隧道的变形和稳定性的比较分析,得出结论:以上两种方法都能保证施工安全,但后者更优。