Objective To investigate the infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in tumor tissue and to explore its clinical significance in patients with rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Methods Preoperative and postoperative pathological results of 47 patients with rectal cancer (cT3-4NxM0,tumor margin from the anal verge ＜ 10 cm) were compared.The infiltration of TANs in tumor tissue before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin avidin-peroxidase (SP) method.Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between infiltration of TANs in tumor tissue and the sensitivity of patients to neoadjuvant therapy,as well as its relationship with prognosis.Results The infiltrating TANs in preoperative biopsy specimens were significantly more than those in postoperative pathological specimens (43.87 ± 4.65,n =47 vs.10.39 ± 1.62,n =47;P =0.003).There was no correlation between the number of the infiltrating TANs in preoperative biopsy specimens and the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,according to ypT stage (x2 =0.430,P =0.662),or grade classification (x2 =0.060,P =0.806).The multivariate analysis showed that the number of TANs in the pathological specimens after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was associated with a good prognosis (3-years-disease-free survival rate was 83.9％ vs.25.0％,P =0.015).Moreover,ypT staging was also an independent prognostic factor in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could significantly decrease TANs infiltration in rectal cancer.The amount of TANs in the tumor after neoadjuvant therapy is associated with favorable prognosis.
Neoadjuvant therapy has been one of important therapeutic treatments for patients with locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer .Although much progress has been made with encouraging outcome , there were still some patients with poor prognosis .The concept of cancer stem cells has been proposed recently and the research progress have been made , including phenotype and functional characteristics of colorectal cancer stem cells , as well as molecular biological mechanism , signal transduction pathway and the surrounding microenvironment .This paper reviewed current research progress of such fields , and try to provides new ideas of individual radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced mid -low rectal cancer .
Objective To investigate the clinical application of carbon nanoparticles in the surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma . Methods From Jan 2015 to July 2016, 40 patients with unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who received surgical treatment were randomly divided into carbon nanoparticles group ( n=20 ) and control group ( n=20 ) , according to receiving carbon nanoparticles or not.40 patients received the affected side thyroid lobe resection plus central compartment lymph node dissection, while all of surgery were performed by the same surgeon .Measurement data were represented as (x±s)and were examined by using t test, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, blood calcium, PTH, harvested lymph nodes and false resection of parathyroid gland .Incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia and RLN injury were compared by using χ2 test.Statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS19.0 software.A P value of <0.05 was considered as significant difference . Results There were no significant difference between two groups in terms of operation time , intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage (P>0.05).However harvested central compartment lymph nodes in carbon nanoparticles group was significantly more than that in control group (8 ±1.5) vs (4 ±0.9), P<0.05.There were 5 cases of false resection of parathyroid gland in control group , while no case(0)occurred in carbon nanoparticles group .There no permanent RLN injury and longterm postoperative hypocalcemia in both two groups , while 3 cases ( 15%) of short term hypocalcemia occurred in control group , which was higher than 0 in carbon nanoparticles group (P<0.05). Conclusions The lymphatic tracer technique by using carbon nanoparticles could improve the dissection of central compartment lymph node lymph nodes , while protecting parathyroid gland from false resection and decreasing the incidence of RLN injury and postoperative hypocalcemia .
