建国以来，我国政府长期以行政供给机制来供给城市公共物品，然而其运行效果不良。随着我国中国特色社会主义市场经济的发展与国外行政改革示范，政府和社会各界逐步注意到了社会力量在城市公共物品供给中的作用和功能，而NGO作为社会的主要力量更是受到关注。本文探讨城市公共物品供给中政府与非营利组织的定位是什么，是如何进行协作的，同时也对两者的协作供给进行反思。

Objective To investigate the clinical features and curative effects in the treatment of depression patients with or without anxiety symptoms.Methods 319 depression disorder patients were divided into 2 groups according to the the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA):the patients in the group A suffered from depression without anxiety(HAMA14,n=134)and the patients in the group B suffered from depression with anxiety(HAMA≥14,n=185).All the patients received the open anti-depression treatment for 8 weeks.The Hamilton depressive scale(HAMD17),HAMA and the treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS) were used to evaluate the efficacy and side effects before the treatment and at the end of the 1st,2nd,4th and 8th week.Results There was significant difference between group A and group B in the suicide risk(P0.01).The baseline mean scores of HAMD had significant difference between the two groups(P0.01).After 8 weeks of treatment,the HAMD and HAMA scores in both groups decreased significantly compared with those before the treatment(P0.01).The effective rates were 65.3% and 47.5% in group A and group B respectively(P0.01).At the end of 2nd week,the onset rates of the two groups were 75.2% and 50.0%(P0.01).There were significant differences in the mean scores of HAMD and HAMA between the two groups at every time point during treatments(P0.01).There were no significant differences between groups A1(depression without anxiety symptoms and treatment with Escitalopram) and A2(depression without anxiety symptoms and treatment with Venlafaxine) in the onset rate at 2nd week,the efficient rate and the clinical cure rate at 8th week(P0.05).There were no significant differences between groups B1(depression with anxiety symptoms and treat with Escitalopram)and B2(depression with anxiety symptoms and treat with Venlafaxine) in the onset rate at 2nd week and the efficient rate at the 8th week(P0.05),but there was significant difference in the clinical cure rate at 8th week between group B1 and group B2(P0.05),and the rates were 3.7% and 12.8%.Conclusion The patients suffered from depression with anxiety have worse pathogenetic conditions,higher risk of suicide,poorer response to antidepressants,as well as poorer prognosis contrast with those without anxiety.Venlafaxine has better prognosis than Escitalopram in the treatment of the depression patients with anxiety symptoms.

Background: Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthetic pathway for brain serotonin and is considered key factor for maintaining normal serotonin transmission in the central neuron system (CNS). Gene-disease association studies have reported a relationship between TPH2 and major depressive disorder (MDD) in different populations, however subsequent studies have produced contradictory results.Objectives: We performed a systematic overview and a meta-analysis with all available data up-to-date.Methods: We scrutinized PubMed, Embase, HuGNet and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and last update was held on October 2011. We also searched the manuscripts and the supplementary documents of the published genome-wide association studies in the field. Effect sizes of independent loci that have been studied in more than 3 articles were synthesized using fixed and random effects models.Results: We found 27 eligible articles that studied a total of 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, 12 independent loci were included in the meta-analysis. The synthesis of the data shown that two SNPs (rs4570625 and rs17110747) were associated with MDD using fixed effects models. SNP rs4570625 had low heterogeneity and remained significant using the more conservative random effects calculations with a summary OR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.96).Conclusion: The current study identified a SNP (rs4570625) with strong epidemiological credibility; however more studies are required to provide robust evidence for other weak associations.