相对于大型水电站,小水电站耗资少,环境破坏也较小,且对西南偏远地区和少数民族地区的用电、江河治理、发展地方社会经济等方面具有重要作用.但是,过快、过度、无序的小水电开发也对河流生态系统造成了一定的影响.目前,大量处在运行期的小水电正在接受国家绿色可持续化发展要求的检验.为此,我国首次提出了《绿色小水电评价标准(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《标准》),作为绿色小水电评价与认证的参考依据.通过对《标准》进行剖析,结合国外具有代表性的绿色水电标准的有利经验,设想了以"绿色可持续化"为核心,从评价内容、指标体系和评价周期等方面对绿色小水电评价标准进行完善.针对我国仍缺乏严格的认证机构和有力的监管手段的问题,从政策推动、激励机制、约束和惩罚措施等方面探讨了奖惩制度的建立,可进一步完善绿色小水电评价标准.

[Objective] The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosion in the Jinsha river basin from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed,to provide references for optimizing the quantitative prediction of soil loss in watershed and the planning of soil and water conservation.[Methods] The rainfall data of the meteorological stations were used to verify the applicability of TRMM precipitation data.Upon which,the rainfall erosion force in Jinsha river basin was estimated using daily precipitation model.The estimation was conducted by combining with weather stations data,TRMM and DEM data,and in the support of Arc/Info software's map algebra operation function.[Results] The TRMM 3B42 rainfall data and weather station precipitation data were used to estimate the rainfall erosion force in Jinsha river basin for many years,and the average overall accuracy reached 82％,illustrating that the estimation of rainfall erosion by the two sourced data was within the reasonable range of error.The estimated rainfall erosion force had regional difference and elevation difference,from the southeast to the northwest,it had a general diminishing trend;the smaller the elevation was,the greater the rainfall erosion.The inter annual change in the basin also had spatial differentiation,and the overall temporal trend was decreasing.[Conclusion] It is feasible to apply TRMM 3B42 precipitation data to the annual mean rainfall erosion force estimation in the Jinsha River basin.However,the consistency of each site's estimation results was different,and the applicability of certain years was influenced by extreme weather.