合理应用预适应训练可以对心脏起到较好保护作用,对于经常进行高强度训练的群体来说获益更为明显,如运动员及军人.本文主要从预适应训练在军事训练和行动中的应用探索其对心脏的保护作用.军人是一类特殊群体,不论执行战斗任务、从事非战争军事行动还是日常训练生活中,其躯体和心理上都要承受较常人更大的负荷和压力.探索在战争和非战争军事行动中如何最大限度减少非战斗减员,在日常训练中如何更有效减少训练伤的发生,维持良好的竞技状态是医务和科研工作者的重要课题.本课题组既往研究认为预适应训练对于减轻卫勤保障负担,提升部队战斗力有着重要意义[1],且易于基层操作.本文从运动预适应、热习服、冷习服、缺氧预适应等方面介绍基层部队简单实用的预适应训练方案.

目的:观察运动预适应对某高海拔训练基地参训官兵高强度运动后动态心电图相关指标的影响,探讨运动预适应对作训人员运动性心脏损伤的防护作用及可能的机制.

适宜的负荷运动可使心脏结构和功能重塑，形成“运动员心脏”，过度的负荷运动可能导致运动性心脏损伤，且与运动性心律失常和猝死有关。基层官兵经常要进行高强度的训练，高强度训练后可能存在心脏功能异常和心律失常，可出现胸闷、心悸、胸痛、头晕、气短、乏力、晕厥等症状和心脏听诊异常[1]。开展基层官兵运动性心脏损伤预警和防治方面的研究对于减轻卫勤保障负担和提高部队战斗力有积极意义。本文结合我课题组的相关工作及近年来国内外学者对运动性心脏损伤的研究，从定义、临床表现、发病机制、预警和防治等方面加以论述，以期为基层官兵运动性心脏损伤的预警和防治工作提供借鉴和参考。

综合近年来国内外学者对运动性心脏损伤的研究并结合笔者所进行的相关工作,主要从运动性心脏损伤的定义、临床表现、发病机制、预警和防治等方面加以论述,以期能为军队作训人员运动性心脏损伤的预警和防治工作提供借鉴和参考.

Objective To observe the occurrence of exercise-induced cardiac injury in different training intensity and training stages of the new recruits in a training base.Methods 40 new recruits were randomly selected from a training base in the Air Force in 2014, and then divided into general strength training group and intensive training group according to different training intensity after one month of low-intensity military training. The general strength training group received five-kilometer field training once per day besides daily military training, and the intensive training group received five-kilometer field training twice per day besides daily military training. Blood samples were collected at different training stages (before training, 1 week after training and 4 weeks after training) to measure the levels of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and creatine kinase (CK).Results All soldiers were male. There was no significant difference in mean age, cTnI level and CK-MB/CK between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in cTnI and CK-MB/CK levels between the two training groups (before training, one week after training and four weeks after training) (P>0.05). The levels of cTnI and CK-MB/CK in the intensive training group were higher than those in the general intensity training group after training for one week (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups after training for 4 weeks (P>0.05).Conclusion New recruits in this training base did not show signs of exercise-induced heart damage different training stages or training intensity.

Objective To analyze the electrocardiogram ( ECG) score changes of the PLA officers and soldiers after a high-intensity exercise in a high altitude training base and its correlation analysis with symptom checklist-90 ( SCL-90) rating scale scores so as to explore the early warning and protective measures of cardiac injury induced by exhausting exercises. Methods The psychological assessment was performed for 77 officers and soldiers in a high altitude training base using SCL-90 rating scale, and the ECG results and the uncomfortable symptoms were recorded before the exercise, immediately after the exercise and 24 h after the exercise. The changes of the ECG scores before and after the exercise and correlation analysis among the scores of the SCL-90 rating scale, the scores of ECG and uncomfortable symptoms were analyzed. The effects of officers and soldiers with different military service times and psychological status on the ECG scores were evaluated. Results The scores of SCL-90 rating scale had no significant correlation with the ECG scores be-fore the exercise, after the exercise immediately and 24 h after the exercise (P>0. 05), but the scores had significant correlation with the scores of the uncomfortable symptoms (P<0. 05). The ECG score immediately after the exercise was significantly higher than those before the exercise and 24 h after the exercise (P<0. 05). The ECG scores of the officers and soldiers with the total average score of the SCL-90 rating scale score being were less than or equal to 1. 44, signifi-cantly higher than that of the officers and soldiers with the total average score of the SCL-90 rating scale score being more than 1. 44 (P<0. 05). There were no significant differences in ECG scores before the exercise, immediately after the ex-ercise and 24 h after the exercise of the PLA officers and soldiers with different military service times (P>0. 05). Con-clusion The high-intensity exercise can influence the ECG changes. The officers and soldiers with higher the scores of SCL-90 rating scale are more prone to developing uncomfortable symptoms, and therefore it is of great significance for the officers and soldiers to make psychological counseling before a high-intensity exercise.

Objective To analyze the influence of high intensity training on heart in personnel with combat drill under high temperature condition.Methods The male trainers (n=38, aged from 18 to 23 and average age=20 ±1.8) with discomfort due to high intensity training under high temperature condition were chosen from Chinese PLA 252 Hospital from Jul. 1, 2015 to Aug. 31, 2016. The blood routine items, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatinine (Cr), alamine aminotransferase (ALT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected in all patients after hospitalization. The clinical symptoms were diagnosed and analyzed in all patients.Results There were 12 cases (31.6%) with symptoms related to heart including chest distress and breathe hard, 10 (26.3%) with palpitation, and in addition 9 (23.7%) with hypotension and discomfort. There were 12 cases (31.6%) with ECG changes, 7 (18.4%) diagnosed with arrhythmia, 5 (13.2%) with myocardial injury and 6 (15.8%) with possible functional lesions of multiple organs. There were 20 cases (52.6%) diagnosed with siriasis, and among them 6 (15.8%) with functional lesions of liver and kidney who were considered for suffering from thermoplegia. After hospitalization, all cases were given fluid infusion and symptomatic and supportive treatment, and all of them were cured and discharged from hospital with recovered functional indexes of liver, kidney and myocardial enzyme and without sequelas.Conclusion High strength training under high temperature condition may cause the injury of heart and other organs in trainers. The training should be designed scientifically and reasonably for improving adaptive capacity to high strength training under high temperature condition, relieving myocardial lesions and promoting combat effectiveness.