Climate change will have a significant impact on forest tree species structureꎬ spatial structure and forest age structure. Accurately predicting the response of forest landscape succession to future climate change not only provides a

为深入了解不同评估方法在县域尺度上生物多样性评估的效果,选取净初级生产力(NPP)定量指标评估法(模型1)、NPP改进模型法(模型2)和综合评估法(模型3)3种生物多样性评估模型,对福建省武夷山市生物多样性重要性指数和空间格局特征予以比较分析.结果表明:3种评估模型计算得到的生物多样性重要性指数分别在0-93.7、0.54-63.06和38.56-86.31之间;模型1和模型2的评估获得的生物多样性指数空间分布破碎化明显,模型3聚集度较高;3种评估模型获得的各乡镇平均值分别为32.93-46.22、35.62-45.27和67.28-79.25;标准差分别处于17.12-25.63、6.81-12.85和3.84-7.33之间;模型1、2和3的更重要和最重要面积分别占研究区总面积32％、90.34％和77.93％;在约7 km尺度范围以内,自相关性表现为模型3＜模型2＜模型1;大于7 km则空间自相关系数模型3＞模型1和模型2.从空间分布规律、重要性等级面积、空间自相关来看,模型3在研究区评估效果最好,最符合武夷山现实情况,其次是模型2,最后为模型1.可见,评估模型的参数选择是评估结果不确定的主要来源之一且直接影响评估结果.

The characteristics of surface fuel moisture contents (absolute and extinction moisture contents) and their relationships with fourteen environmental factors such as terrain and stand were analyzed by combining field investigation with internal experiment in Wuyi Mountain scenery district,a World Heritage site.The results showed that the differences between absolute and extinction moisture contents of active surface fuel were relatively small;however,dead surface fuel showed an opposite trend in the four forest types.Bamboo forest had the highest absolute moisture content and lowest extinction moisture content,whereas near-mature Pinus massoniana forest showed an opposite trend.Shrub,herb,1-hour dead fuel (1 hr),and 10-hour dead fuel (10 hr) in bamboo forest were not flammable,because their absolute moisture content was greater than the extinction moisture content.Shrub and herb were also not flammable in near-mature P.massoniana forest,but 1 hr and 10 hr were flammable.No significant differences were found in surface fuel absolute moisture content of bamboo forest among different slopes,but significant differences were noted in shrub and 1 hr of near-mature P.massoniana forest:shady slopes had greater absolute moisture content than sunny slopes in 1 hr.Redundancy analysis indicated that active and dead fuels were affected by different environmental factors that had more influence on moisture content of the dead fuel than on that of active fuel.These results showed that the extinction moisture content of different forest surface fuel was stable relative to the absolute moisture content,which would provide a key theoretical guidance for assessing forest igniting risk and fire behavior simulation.

[目的]了解天宝岩国家级自然保护区森林演替发展趋势,可以更好地为保护区制定管理政策保护珍稀植物和生物多样性提供科学依据.[方法]借助空间直观景观模型LANDIS Pr0 7.0对福建天宝岩国家级自然保护区未来300年(2016-2316年)的森林景观演变进行模拟,采用Fragstats 3.3景观格局分析软件对树种面积变化、景观聚集度、分维度、多样性指数进行分析,并对各个树种在模拟时间内的龄级组成进行分析.[结果]在演替时段内,除毛竹林外所有树种斑块分维度均在1.00 ～1.06之间,表明其景观斑块形状较规则且变化不大.多样性指数呈现先上升后下降趋势,均匀度指数呈现先下降后上升的趋势,且变化速度在逐渐变缓,表明树种逐渐趋于稳定.阔叶林聚集度先增加后保持稳定,其面积则始终保持增长,至演替结束,以成熟林和幼龄林为主;猴头杜鹃林、长苞铁杉林聚集度在整个演替时段内呈增加趋势,其面积在演替中后期有所增加,且以幼龄林的增加为主;杉木林面积在前150年增长,此期间幼龄林比重也在逐渐上升;后150年面积保持稳定,至演替结束,以中龄林和近熟林为主;聚集度虽保持稳定但略有增加;柳杉林聚集度在演替前100年保持稳定而后200年有所降低,至演替后期,整个柳杉林以过熟林为主,中龄林次之;马尾松林在整个演替过程中均以过熟林为主,幼龄林和中龄林比例很低;毛竹林在演替后期以过熟林占据主要地位,其次是成熟林;且马尾松林和毛竹林在演替期间聚集度均呈现降低的趋势.[结论]天宝岩森林景观的演替会依据一定的规律向顶级群落常绿阔叶林演替;马尾松林、柳杉林、毛竹林在群落中随时间的推移会逐渐被取代;杉木林、长苞铁杉林和猴头杜鹃林,在演替时段内表现出良好的发展趋势.

针对福州市“快排式”雨洪管理模式出现的洪涝灾害等水问题,结合自然渗透、净化、积存的海绵城市建设理念,以福州市“三坊七巷”的雨洪管理系统为例,对其传统排水系统和海绵体排水系统的结构与成效进行了分析与比较,结果显示:海绵体排水系统具有更好的排水效果,而传统与海绵体雨洪管理措施的共同运作使得效果最大化,从而对福州市建设海绵城市提供参考.

在对福建省2006-2016年4-10月NDVI影像进行MVC最大值合成的基础上,利用像元二分模型计算植被覆盖度,分析福建省植被覆盖度的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的相关性.结果表明:2006-2016年间福建省植被覆盖度总体上是呈增加趋势的,并在2015年达到最大值;在空间分布上,植被覆盖显著增加的区域在闽西南(龙岩、漳州附近)、长汀等地,而植被覆盖度减少的地区则在经济发展速度较快的厦门、泉州、福州等地区;植被覆盖度的变化与气温因子的相关性要比降水因子大.

Based on Landsat remote sensing images of Xiamen City in 1995, 2005 and 2015, atmospheric correction was performed with the second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum ( 6S) model and the surface reflectivity was calculated. With the support of ENVI 5.2, normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI) and fractional vegetation cover ( FVC) of 3 years were obtained, and the average FVC of Xiamen City in 1995, 2005 and 2015 were 0. 35, 0. 22 and 0. 31 respectively. The land use information was extracted by the maximum likelihood method, the FVC and land use classification map were overlaid by ArcGIS 10.1 software, and the response of vegetation coverage to land use change was obtained from 1995 to 2015 in Xiamen. The results showed that FVC in Xiamen decreased by 37% from 1995 to 2005 and increased by 29% from 2005 to 2015. The average FVC have an increase of 17% in water land, 35% in construction land, 22% in arable land, but 27% decrease in forestland of Xiamen City from 1995 to 2015. And thus suggestions for Xiamen City development and ecological construction was provided.