BACKGROUND:To investigate reasonable treatment modalities and prognostic factors for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) bone metastases (BM).METHODS:The clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data for all patients with DTC BM who received treatment in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between November 1, 1993 and December 31, 2016 were analyzed retrospectively with respect to mortality and survival rates. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 51.5% and 17.2%, respectively, for all 60 patients. Univariate analysis showed that patients diagnosed with BM at <45 years of age, with controlled thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and those undergoing surgery or 131I therapy had better prognoses. Patients with cervical vertebra metastases, multiple organ metastases other than bone, and those receiving chemotherapy had worse prognoses. Gender, pathological type, number of BM lesions, skeletal-related events (SREs) and whether or not the patient received radiotherapy were not related to prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed that age at diagnosis of BM, undergoing surgery for bone lesions, and not receiving chemotherapy were independent factors of favorable prognosis for patients with DTC BM.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with DTC BM have poor prognoses. Age at diagnosis with BM <45 years old, undergoing surgery for bone lesions, and not receiving chemotherapy were independent factors of favorable prognosis for patients with DTC BM. 131I combined with surgery for bone metastatic lesions may be the best treatment model for most patients with DTC BM disease.

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its incidence has continued to rise. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) participates in tumorigenesis and progression. This review focuses on the recent research progress of lncRNA in thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To explore the mechanism of hypoxia inducing interleukine (IL)-11 secretion in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells and the mechanism of IL-11 promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition of ATC cells.Methods Knockdown of IL-11,hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in ATC cells or treatment of ATC cells with Cobalt Chloride,recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-11,IL-11 antibody,then the effects of these interventions on the invasion and migration ability of ATC cells and its mechanism were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Transwell,Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR),Western blotting.Results Under treatment with Cobalt Chloride,the protein and mRNA expression of IL-11 increased in ATC cells.The number of invasive cells in the knockdown HIF-1α group (61.7 ±4.9,30.0 ±4.6) was less than that of the control group 261.7 ± 8.7 (P ＜ 0.01),and the number of migrated cells (87.3 ± 4.5,73.8 ± 5.4) was less than the control group 337.3 ± 7.1 (P ＜ 0.01).The expression ofphosphorylated Akt (p-Akt),phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) and Snail protein was significantly increased after treatment with rhIL-11.The protein expression of p-Akt,p-GSK3β and Snail were significantly decreased after knockdown of IL-11 expression in ATC cells.Conclusion Hypoxia induced epithelial mesenchymal transition of ATC cells is the main mechanism of high invasion and migration of ATC cells.

Objective: To investigate prognostic factors for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Methods:Clinical information and follow-up data of 123 patients with MTC treated in Yunnan Cancer Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Univer-sity Cancer Center between January 1,1995 and December 31, 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to mortality and survival rates by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model. Results: The 5-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival rates were 91. 6% , 77. 9% and 63. 4% % , respectively, for all patients. Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, preoperative serum calcitonin level, primary tumor size, local infiltration, cTNM stage, distant metastasis and surgery affected prognosis of patients. Cox regres-sion analysis showed that age, gender, primary tumor size, cTNM stage, distant metastasis and receiving surgery were inde-pendent prognostic factors for MTC patients. Conclusion: MTC patients aged <40 years had a better prognosis compared to those aged ≥40 years. Male, preoperative serum calcitonin level≥1000 pg／mL, primary tumor size >4 cm, local infiltra-tion, cTNM stage and distant metastasis were factors of unfavorable prognosis for patients with MTC. However, surgical treat-ment can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with MTC.