为了更好地开展地震电离层扰动监测和异常信息提取研究,基于空间电离层环境层析成像测量仪研制了地震电离层扰动监测系统,包括小区域监测站网和监测软件系统.?该监测系统产出空间分辨率1°×1°的电离层总电子含量(TEC)、F2层最大电子密度(NmF2)和F2层峰值电子密度对应高度(hmF2)二维分布图,对扰动异常超过10％的事件进行报警提示.?实现了空间电离层层析成像测量仪在地震电离层监测领域的示范应用,并为其进一步推广应用提供了技术基础.

当地电场和地电阻率同场地观测时,地电场观测会受到地电阻率观测的供电干扰,这类干扰时间短、干扰形态和出现时间固定,影响了地电场观测数据的正常变化形态,给数据分析和地震科学研究造成困难。为解决这一干扰问题,本文在比较分形插值方法与传统插值方法优劣的基础上,采用分形插值方法对受干扰的地电场观测数据进行重建,以提高信号重建的精度。结果表明,采用该方法重建的数据是对原数据很好的近似,可有效地恢复观测数据信息,保持观测数据原有的变化趋势。

中国电磁监测试验卫星工程项目于2013年正式批准立项,卫星预计于2017年8月发射入轨,设计在轨运行5年,这是我国地震立体观测体系的第一个专用天基平台.本文简要介绍了电磁卫星工程设计和卫星工程六大系统的功能与任务,并对卫星系统和应用系统的研制情况予以阐述.目前,已基本完成卫星平台和有效载荷设计初样阶段的研制,将于2016年6月转入正样研制阶段.应用系统基础平台的建设工作按计划进行,将在卫星发射前半年开始试运行,以确保电磁监测试验卫星数据的有效应用.

针对我国即将发射的电磁监测试验卫星观测物理量和观测频段,结合我国现有地基观测基础和对比观测需求,本文提出了地面对比观测系统设计方案,包括观测对象、观测频段和观测区域的选取以及台网布局方式.在此基础上,根据该方案在甘肃省天祝前兆台阵区域建立了古丰、寺滩和坪城等3个台站的地面对比观测原型系统,并取得了电磁场的初步观测资料.对观测资料的分析结果表明,地电场和地磁场观测数据呈典型的日变化形态,具有较好的同步性和一致性,能够真实地反映小区域地电场和地磁场的变化.该结果可为今后开展试验性的星地联合观测和建立我国地震电离层立体监测体系提供技术支撑.

地电阻率前兆观测是我国地震前兆观测重要手段之一,但是目前城市地铁和轻轨等对其造成了严重影响.利用低频交流电场与直流电场具有相似特性的特点(桂燮泰等,1988;马希融,1989),采用交流方法进行地电阻率观测,能够在一定程度上抑制地铁和轻轨的干扰影响(张宇等,2014;马小溪等,201 5). 目前,地电阻率台站所受到的突出干扰是地铁、轻轨等运行引起的近直流干扰,干扰周期主要为120-180 s,干扰频段集中在0.1 Hz以下.为降低地铁干扰的影响,供电频率应避开干扰频段范围,同时考虑避免工频干扰影响,本文选择0.1-10 Hz为交流观测工作频率.

China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) will be launched at the end of 2016 and the orbit is sun synchronous and the altitude is about 500 km. The design of CSES satellite and ground segment are introduced in this paper first. And then the preliminary proposals of scientific data verification and cross-verification in CSES mission are given, which can be used to classify the payloads' operation state, and validate the reliability of data.

To explore and research the characteristics of the space-based and ground-based electromagnetic observational data and the correlation between them has important scientific significance for integrating satellite and ground electromagnetic monitoring data used in earthquake monitoring and research. In the paper, the near DC electromagnetic data recorded in DEMETER satellite, vertical and horizontal geoelectric field data recorded in Hongshawan station and horizontal geoelectric field data recorded in Chengdu station were comprehensively studied. The results showed that: (1) The ULF electric field observational data recorded directly by the DEMETER satellite did not show significant annual change trends; the observational data along the velocity vector direction both day side and night side present a longer-term cyclical characteristic, but there are no correlation and synchronization with geoelectric field observational data. (2)The magnitude of electric field data in ionosphere after removing the additional electric field value caused by satellite cutting magnetic line is consistent with geoelectric field data, and concentrated at about 10(-1) similar to 10(-2) mV/m. (3) The concave annual seasonal change trend is displayed by the observation data along the normal to the orbit direction and along the velocity vector direction in night side, and showing a relatively stable annual variation period, this is consistent with the trend of the annual variation of the horizontal geoelectric field. Therefore, both the magnitude and trends have shown the correlation and synchronization every year.

Using ion temperature (Ti), VLF electromagnetic field single-frequency spectrum data from DEMETER satellite, this paper studies variation of these parameters associated with the strong earthquakes: the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake of China on 12 May 2008, the Haiti MS7.3 earthquake on 12 January 2010 and the Chile MS8.8 earthquake on 27 February 2010. The result for Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake shows that the ion temperature (Ti) northwest to the epicenter increased 3 days before the mainshock, and the data of VLF magnetic field spectrum below 200 Hz showed disturbance within 2° of the epicenter on May 8 before the mainshock. The result for the Chile MS8. 8 earthquake shows that the ion temperature (Ti) northwest to the epicenter showed fluctuation 9 days before the mainshock; on February 23 before the Chile earthquake the frequency range from 100 Hz to 160 Hz of VLF magnetic field spectrum showed sudden rise within the area of 5° around the epicenter. No obvious anomalies of the three parameters were observed before the Haiti earthquake, but after the mainshock some anomalies were found. Ti and the frequency band from 40-160 Hz of VLF electric field spectrum and the VLF magnetic field spectrum in the 120-480 Hz frequency band showed significant anomalies on the day of earthquake occurrence, which might be caused by energy release after the earthquake. Currently we have no evidence to conclude that these changes result from seismic activity, but in the data processing we have excluded the disturbances induced by solar activity and magnetic field to a certain degree, and the data selected are closely linked with the time and space of the earthquake. This result is consistent with previous research results, and we propose that the abnormities found in the paper may be related to the three strong earthquakes.

Earthquake-related electromagnetic observation aims at finding abnormal electromagnetic variation associated with earthquake possibly.The existing studies have proved that this method is,to a large extent, effective in short-term and impending earthquake predication.This paper summarizes progress and discusses some related problems in this field.Some requirements for observation system have been proposed to improve monitoring level.As a case observation using the reformed observation system in Jinghai seismologic station, Tianjin,some results are given.