Актуальность исследования обусловлена целесообразностью расширения применения геохимической съемки в практике поиска залежей углеводородов как экспрессного метода для принятия перспективных решений. Цель: сравнить характеристики миграции углеводородов из залежи на дневную поверхность, зарегистрированных двумя методами – анализом подпочвенных грунтов и пассивным концентрированием, и показать преимущественные пути их миграции. Объект: нефтегазовое месторождение Песцовое на Санской площади с многолетнемерзлыми породами в Ямало-Ненецком Автономном Округе. Методы: геохимическая съемка по аренам С6Н6–С8Н10 с использованием естественных пассивных концентраторов в виде подпочвенных грунтов и искусственных концентраторов. Нанесение зарегистрированных уровней углеводородов на карты, содержащие распределение геодинамически-напряженных зон трещиноватости. Результаты. Совместно определены концентрации проявлений на дневной поверхности углеводородов, мигрирующих из залежи: бензола и толуола по анализу подпочвенного грунта; бензола, толуола и ксилолов в почвенном газе пассивным концентрированием. Построены площадные распределения бензола и толуола, распределения нефтегазоносного показателя Б/Т* в виде отношения концентрации бензола к скорректированной концентрации толуола. Установлено, что площадные распределения бензола и толуола, полученные двумя разными методами съемки, положительно коррелируют между собой, однако их характер и информативность отличны для каждого арена. Съемка по подпочвенному грунту более информативна для толуола: его средний максимум в грунте (60 ppb) превышает в 1,5–2 раза максимум, полученный с концентраторов (38 ppb). Однако максимум концентраций бензола с проб грунта (≈1,6 ppb) меньше в 0,6 раз аналогичных с искусственных концентраторов (2,6 ppb). Распределения концентраций бензола и толуола в подпочвенных грунтах имеют мозаичный характер, а распределения концентраций ксилолов с пассивных концентраторов имеют точечное, очаговое распределение, более информативное для оценки нефтеперспективности. Показано, что миграция аренов к земной поверхности происходит преимущественно по геодинамически-напряженным зонам трещиноватости, что с учетом физических характеристик аренов сопутствует диффузионной и фильтрационной миграции. Приуроченность миграции к осям геодинамически-напряженных зон подтверждает их информативность в определении нефте- и флюидоперспективных геоструктур. Отмечено существенное преимущество пассивного концентрирования по критерию минимизации затрат, экспрессности и возможности оперативно корректировать съемку.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934823440041

The problem of humanitarian demining remains relevant on a global scale due to the large number of unexploded ordnance and mines located in the ground. An important subtask is the search for such ammunition that cannot be detected using metal detectors, infrared photography from the air, etc. In this case, the only possibility of detection is the search for trace amounts of substances in the air above the soil and in the surface layers of the soil using chemical sensors, biological methods (dogs, rats, bees). The efficiency and usefulness of these methods for detecting buried ammunition can only be assessed by considering the processes of transfer of chemical signatures of explosives through the soil. The paper proposes and investigates a mathematical model of the transfer of explosive vapors through the soil layer. Diffusion is considered as the main mechanism of vapor movement through air pores in the soil. Based on a parametric study of the model, the effect of soil moisture on the velocity of vapor movement was studied. Based on the analysis of the dimensions of the problem, a characteristic time of possible detection of explosive vapors above the soil surface was introduced. The vapor concentration above the soil surface for some explosives (RDX, PETN, TNT) is estimated depending on the depth and time of source occurrence in sand of different humidity. Theoretical calculations show that the vapor concentration above the surface increases nonlinearly. The detection time of explosive vapors can be reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude if the sensitivity of the device is increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to the sensitivity required to register saturated explosive vapors. The shortcomings and limitations of the model and related directions for further research are discussed.

Представлена универсальная система ввода проб веществ в газохроматографическую колонку портативного газового хроматографа (ГХ) со сменными инжекторами (устройствами введения проб в камеру ввода ГХ): концентрационным для ввода методом термической десорбции газообразных или жидких проб, отобранных на концентратор, или проб в твердом состоянии (в виде измельченной породы и т.п.); шприцевым для ввода жидких или газообразных проб, отобранных с помощью жидкостного или газового шприца; автодозирующим для отбора и ввода газообразных проб. Применено программное управление потоками газа-носителя путем использования электромагнитных клапанов и сигнала с датчика давления в камере ввода ГХ. Концентрационный инжектор рассчитан на применение концентраторов для геохимического поиска залежей углеводородов в виде металлических трубок с внешним диаметром 6 мм, толщиной стенки 0,3 мм, с пленкой сорбента SE-30 порядка 100 мкм на внутренней поверхности для регистрации ароматических углеводородов С6 – С8 или с сорбентов в виде угольного волокна для регистрации насыщенных углеводородов. Универсальная система обеспечивает ввод проб без ручных операций с возможностью коротких (от 5 мс) вводов анализируемых проб, необходимых при использовании высокоэффективных газохроматографических колонок. На примере анализа насыщенных углеводородов С1 – С4 с сильно различающейся летучестью (т.е. с временем испарения с концентратора) от метана до бутана показан удовлетворительный ввод веществ с концентрационным инжектором методом термической десорбции. A universal system for injection samples of substances into a gas chromatographic column of a portable gas chromatograph (GC) is presented with replaceable injectors (devices for introducing samples into the GC injection chamber): a concentration injector for introducing gaseous or liquid samples collected on a concentrator or samples in a solid state (in the form of crushed rock, etc.) by the method of thermal desorption; a syringe injector for introducing liquid or gaseous samples collected using a liquid or gas syringe; and an auto-dosing injector for collecting and introducing gaseous samples. Software control of carrier gas flows is applied by using electromagnetic valves and a signal from a pressure sensor in the GC injection chamber. The concentration injector is designed for the use of concentrators for geochemical prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits in the form of metal tubes with an external diameter of 6 mm, a wall thickness of 0.3 mm, with a film of SE-30 sorbent about 100 μm on the internal surface for recording aromatic hydrocarbons C6 - C8 or with sorbents in the form of carbon fiber for recording saturated hydrocarbons. The universal system ensures the injection of samples without manual operations with the possibility of short (from 5 ms) injections of analyzed samples, necessary when using highly efficient gas chromatographic columns. Using the example of analysis of saturated hydrocarbons C1 - C4 with greatly varying volatility (i.e. with evaporation time from the concentrator) from methane to butane, a satisfactory introduction of substances with a concentration injector by the thermal desorption method is shown.

Abstract—Geochemical survey based on registration of hydrocarbons that migrate from a deposit to the Earth’s surface is a promising method of searching for hydrocarbon deposits. Passive concentrators containing a sorbent are used for this purpose. Passive concentrators are glass or metal tubes packed with a sorbent. The sorbents are materials that have sufficient sorption capacity for the gases under consideration and are capable of reversible desorption . After the sorbent exposure in sampling sites (pits), the samples are analyzed with a gas chromatograph. The topical problem is determination of the time required for complete desorption of the gases (saturated С 1 –С 5 hydrocarbons) from the sorbent at the preset temperature. A mathematical model of the thermal desorption of hydrocarbons from a coal fiber sorbent is suggested. The mass exchange processes are described using the linear driving force (LDF) model taking into account significant dependence of the desorption coefficient on the temperature and sorbent porosity. The model novelty consists in taking into account the structure of the coal sorbent fibers. The temperature dependences of the desorption coefficient and of the gas diffusion coefficient in the sorbent are described by the Arrhenius law. Analytical dependences were obtained for estimating the desorption time as a function of the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrocarbons and temperature. Model calculations based on the published data were performed for the methane desorption from the coal sorbent. The model parameters requiring experimental determination, primarily the activation energy of the gas desorption, were revealed. The results of the study can be used in the field of coal mining for improving the methods of searching for hydrocarbon deposits.

Один из перспективных методов поиска залежей углеводородов является геохимическая съемка, заключающаяся в регистрации на поверхности Земли углеводородов, мигрирующих из залежи. При этом применяются пассивные концентраторы, содержащие сорбент. Пассивные концентраторы представляют собой заполненные сорбентом стеклянные или металлические трубки. В качестве сорбентов используют материалы, имеющие достаточную сорбционную емкость по отношению к исследуемым газам и обратимой десорбцией. После экспозиции сорбента в местах отбора (шурфах) производится анализ проб с помощью газового хроматографа. Актуальность задачи заключается в определении времени полной десорбции исследуемых газов (насыщенных углеводородов С1-С5) с сорбента при заданной температуре. В работе предлагается математическая модель термодессорбции углеводородов с объемного угольного сорбента. Для описания процессов массообмена использовалась модель Linear Driving Force (LDF), при этом учитывается существенную зависимость коэффициента десорбции от температуры и пористости сорбента. Новизна модели заключается в учете структуры волокон угольного сорбента. Зависимость коэффициента десорбции, а также коэффициента диффузии газов в сорбенте определяется законом Аррениуса. Получены аналитические зависимости для оценки времени десорбции в зависимости от физико-химических характеристик углеводородов и температуры. Проведены модельные расчеты для метана, десорбируемого с угольного сорбента на основе имеющихся литературных данных. Выявлены свободные параметры модели, которые необходимо определить экспериментально. Прежде всего, это энергия активации десорбции для рассматриваемых газов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в области угледобычи для совершенствования методов поиска залежей углеводородов. One of the promising methods for searching for hydrocarbon deposits is geochemical survey, which consists in registering hydrocarbons migrating from the deposit on the Earth's surface. In this case, passive concentrators containing a sorbent are used. Passive concentrators are glass or metal tubes filled with sorbent. As sorbents, materials are used that have sufficient sorption capacity with respect to the studied gases and reversible desorption. After exposure of the sorbent in the places of selection (pits), samples are analyzed using a gas chromatograph. The relevance of the problem lies in determining the time of complete desorption of the studied gases (saturated hydrocarbons C1-C5) from the sorbent at a given temperature. The paper proposes a mathematical model for the thermal dessorption of hydrocarbons from a bulk coal sorbent. To describe the mass transfer processes, the Linear Driving Force (LDF) model was used, taking into account the significant dependence of the desorption coefficient on the temperature and porosity of the sorbent. The novelty of the model lies in taking into account the structure of the carbon sorbent fibers. The dependence of the desorption coefficient, as well as the coefficient of diffusion of gases in the sorbent, is determined by the Arrhenius law. Analytical dependences have been obtained to estimate the desorption time depending on the physicochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons and temperature. Model calculations for methane desorbed from a coal sorbent were carried out on the basis of available literature data. The free parameters of the model are revealed, which must be determined experimentally. First of all, this is the desorption activation energy for the considered gases. The results of the work can be used in the field of coal mining to improve methods for finding hydrocarbon deposits.

A mathematical model of sublimation (evaporation) of thin films of explosives based on the molecular-kinetic theory of evaporation is presented. An expression is obtained for the film evaporation time until equilibrium between the evaporation and condensation of explosives is reached. An estimate of the unevaporated mass is given. A parametric study of the model was carried out. The calculation of evaporation dynamics for a film of trinitrotoluene on glass with a surface density of 100 ng/cm2 is giv. The heat of sublimation of trinitrotoluene and the coefficient of evaporation from glass based on a comparison with the experiment of evaporation of such a film of TNT were determined.

Sexual selection is considered as one of the leading factors of evolutionary development. In the conditions of incessant competition, specialized methods of attracting individuals of the opposite sex as well as criteria for assessing the quality of a sexual partner have been formed. In order for animals to rely on signaling from sexual partners, the signal must reflect the morpho-physiological status of animals. A high reproductive efficiency of male mice is a good advantage for mate selection and thus must be somehow demonstrated to potential mates. The aim of our study was to find out if male mice could demonstrate their reproductive efficiency through urine volatile organic compounds. The experiment implies cohabiting one male with two mature females for 6 days. The reproductive success of the male was assessed by the presence or absence of pregnant females. At the same time, naive females, who did not participate in reproduction, assessed the urine of the successful males as more attractive, which was expressed in shorter Latency time of sniffs in the Olfactory test. Using a rapid headspace GC/MS analysis, we have found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in male urine that correlated with female behavior. It turned out that these substances are derivatives of mouse pheromone 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone. The amplitude of peaks corresponding to this pheromone correlated with the testosterone level in blood and the weight of preputial glands. The amplitude of peaks increased in males after mating with whom the females turned out to be pregnant. It is important to note that body weight, weight of testes, weight of seminal vesicles, weight of preputial glands, and plasma testosterone level alone are not reliable indicators of male reproductive success. Thus, the content of the pheromone 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone in the urine of males can serve as a good predictor of the quality of the male as a sexual partner for female CD-1 mice.

A schematic diagram and an operation algorithm of an instrumentation complex for measuring the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of rocks by the non-stationary method of a linear source under natural occurrence temperature conditions up to 200 °C are proposed. Thermocouples are used to measure the temperature of the probes. The complex contains two linear (needle) probes, which are placed in a rock sample at a certain distance r from each other. One probe, containing a linear heater and a thermocouple, radiates heat, the other one, containing a thermocouple, is a measuring probe. The cold junction temperature of thermocouples is measured by a semiconductor sensor. To calculate the voltage of the cold junction from the value of its temperature, a direct conversion of thermoEMF by a power polynomial is used. To calculate the temperature of the hot junction of the probe, an inverse transformation by a power polynomial of the voltage values of the hot junction of thermocouples into temperature was applied. In direct and inverse transformations, the degree of polynomials is 10. To reduce the temperature measurement error, digital filtering of signals from thermocouples was used. A digital-to-analogue converter is included in the heater circuit of the radiating probe for flexible heating control. The results of measuring the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of dry and wet sand samples are consistent with the literature data on the temperature dependence.

Straight multicapillary columns (MCCs) with 40 µm capillaries are used in portable gas analyzers. In order to increase the efficiency and speed of gas chromatographic separation, straight MCCs with a diameter of 25 μm and a length of 200–250 mm with an OV-5 stationary phase (film thickness, 0.1–0.2 μm) were fabricated and their main chromatographic characteristics were determined. It was shown that the maximum specific efficiency of the MCCs was 25 600 theoretical plates/m and the separation rate reached 630 theoretical plates/s, which significantly exceed the corresponding values for 40 μm MCCs. The test MCCs retained high separation efficiency in wide ranges of carrier gas flow rates: 30–170 cm3/min for argon and nitrogen and 120–420 cm3/min for helium. However, as compared to the 40 µm columns, approximately twice the pressure was required to ensure the same flow of a carrier gas through the 25 µm MCCs. A decrease in the diameter of MCC channels from 40 to 25 µm made it possible to shorten the column length by about 1/3 with the retention of the column efficiency.

The results of measuring the time dependence of the concentration of trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor over its solid microconcentrations on the glass surface with a low TNT concentration on the surface of 100 ng/cm2 are presented. Such microconcentrations of traces are typical for the conditions of anti-terrorist control of objects for the presence of TNT. The measurements were made using a portable multicapillary gas chromatograph (GC) EKHO-V-IDTS (Russia) with TNT vapor concentration. The threshold for determining the concentration of TNT vapor by the EKHO-V-IDTS gas chromatograph corresponds to the modern level and is equal to 10-14 g/cm3. Vapor sampling is performed by a vortex sampling device (VSD), which is used in the anti-terrorist control of objects. It is shown that the initial surface concentration of TNT traces of 100 ng/cm2 on the glass surface decreases to 12 ng/cm2 in a time of 2.6 h due to evaporation into an open half-space under laboratory conditions. The vapor concentration over the residual TNT concentration of 12 ng/cm2 corresponds to the GC sensitivity threshold for TNT vapor concentration equal to 10-14 g/cm3.

ЗД-6ПРИНЦИП ГАЗОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ УСТРОЙСТВА

On the basis of a new post-Shannon information approach (quantitative and qualitative together), a hierarchical process of evaluating video-information by an intellectual brain-like video-component of artificial mind is considered. The development of the classical (Shannon's) informational approach to the level of the new (post-Shannon's) informational approach made it possible to formulate an important additional “bonus” in the form of a differential holographic principle (DHP). DHP made it possible to present video information on a dualistic basis, considering its physical and structural components, considered together. Developed an integral quasi-holographic principle (IQHP) is built on the basis of the DHP. However, in contrast to the DHP this principle represents a supra-physical (abstract) principle, uses a long-range action template and is realized instantly (i.e. with an infinitely high speed). In a joint tandem of physical (quantitative) and structural (qualitative) components of video-information evaluation, the structural component is dominant. Due to this, the technology of the video-component of artificial mind based on IQHP always takes the form of an ascending hierarchy of structured (abstract) evaluations of video-information. This technology also includes a hierarchy of self-learning stages, thanks to which the constant development of macro-objects of video-information in the form of video-thesauruses as high-quality measuring scales is carried out. This maintains the relevance, efficiency, and instantaneousness of the video-component of the artificial mind in evaluation video-information. Based on the ideas and principles of a new (post-Shannon) information approach to evaluation video-information, the structural and functional architecture of the video-component of artificial mind built. This architecture is not biologically inspired, but it turned out to be surprisingly exactly coinciding with the known structure of the human neocortex (by the number of levels of the ascending hierarchy, by the presence of a hierarchy in direct and feedback, by the method of structuring and collecting input elementary video-data, etc.). A new theorem for a complete sample of video-data, considered together in physical and structural form, is formulated. The direct version of this theorem corresponds to an ascending hierarchy of video-information evaluations based on IQHP and bundles of video-information’s evaluations. The inverse version characterizes the global hierarchical feedback, which takes the form of a descending hierarchy of “service” video-information evaluations.

The results of the measurements of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor concentration over its trace amounts, called thin films, on the glass surface with a concentration of 100 ng/cm2 in a square area with a side of 1 cm over time are presented. The trace amounts of TNT on the glass were formed by applying a solution of TNT in the acetonitrile diluted with the chemically pure acetone, followed by the evaporation of the solvents. In order to measure the TNT vapor concentration, an EKHO-V-IDTS portable multibacillary gas-chromatograph with preliminary TNT vapor concentration was used. A sampling of the TNT vapor above the object was carried out with a remote vortex sampler. The vapor sample was taken from a distance of 2 cm from the glass surface. The concentration in the mode of the complete capture of TNT vapors was carried out to the stainless-steel wire mesh. The vapor concentration was determined from the chromatographic peak amplitude. It was found that the concentration of vapor over the examined surface with an area of 1 cm2 decreases from 10-13 to 10-14 g/cm3 within 2.6 ± 0.3 hours. TNT vapor concentration value of 10-14 g/cm3 corresponds to the threshold concentration of TNT vapor for the modern detectors. Based on the assumption that the vapor concentration is proportional to the amount of the TNT mass on the surface for the considered trace amounts of TNT, it was estimated that the initial surface concentration of trinitrotoluene of 100 ng/cm2 on the glass surface decreases to 12 ng/cm2 within 2.6 ± 0.3 hours due to sublimation into an open half-space. It was shown that the use of vortex sampling of vapor intensifies the sublimation of TNT from the glass surface.

Представлены результаты одновременного определения следов взрывчатых веществ (ВВ) на поверхности объектов, содержащих ВВ в пропускных порталах безопасности.Лазерным дистанционным методом для идентификации твёрдых следов, и газохроматографическим методом для определения следов пара над твёрдыми следами.Цель: экспериментальное сравнение методов по возможности определения следов ВВ с разной летучестью на поверхности объектов в антитеррористическом контроле.Использовали портативный поликапиллярный газовый хроматограф (ГХ) и лидарный обнаружитель (ЛО) ВВ на основе эффекта лазерной фрагментации/лазерно-индуцированной флуоресценции NOфрагментов [1].В качестве модельных объектов использовали картонную коробку с имитатором ВВ, укрываемую тканью и открытые эластичные имитаторы ВВ.Лидарное определение твёрдых ВВ осуществляли с 5 метров, отбор паров ВВ вихревым пробоотбором для анализа на ГХс расстояния 2-3 см от объекта.Характеристики приборов и условий определения: ГХпорог определения ТНТ 10 -12 г в пробе, время отбора пробы на концентратор 5-10 секунд, время анализа и принятия решения 20-40 секунд, ЛО -порог обнаружения с дистанции 5 м: паров ТНТ -(1-10)×10 -13 г/см 3 , твёрдых следов на поверхности -1 нг/см 2 , время определения 10 секунд.Критерием обнаружения объектов было превышение сигнала над шумом.Результаты экспериментального сравнения методов.1. Имитатор ТНТ.Укрытый тканью (чёрным сатином) обнаруживается ГХ.Лидаром не обнаруживается объект, укрытый тканью, но обнаруживается открытый имитатор ТНТ.2. Открытый имитатор гексогена.ГХ -не обнаруживается при комнатной температуре, но обнаруживается при облучении имитатора лазером.Объект обнаруживается ЛО.3. Открытый имитатор ТЭН.При комнатной температуре не обнаруживается ГХ.Но обнаруживается ГХ при облучении имитатора лазером.Объект обнаруживается ОЛ.4. ЛО эффективен в обнаружении ВВ по твёрдым следам, чем по парам.Эффективность дистанционного ЛО по сравнению с пробоотборным газоаналитическим ярко проявляется при обнаружении труднолетучих ВВ типа ТНТ, гексогена, ТЭН.

Detection of objects containing explosives by vapor traces on the surface of objects is highly effective in antiterrorism control. To date, the threshold for detecting the concentration of explosive vapors by gas-analytical sampling devices at the level of 10(-14) g/cm(3) has been reached. With laser methods, the threshold for detecting the surface concentration of microparticles at the level of ng/cm(2) has been reached. An experimental simultaneous comparison of the effectiveness of methods for detecting objects containing explosives is provided; that is, remote laser detection of microparticles and gas-analytical sampling of vapors. A multicapillary gas chromatograph and a laser detector based on photofragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence of NO fragments of explosive molecules were used. For the first time, detection by two methods was carried out simultaneously and under the same conditions. Simulants of TNT, RDX, and PETN were used. It is shown that vapors on the surfaces of low-volatile explosives such as RDX and PETN are not detected by the gas chromatograph, but microparticles of these substances are confidently detected by a laser detector. Thus, the higher efficiency of the remote laser method for detecting microparticles of low-volatile explosives is experimentally confirmed in comparison with the detection of vapours by sampling method.

The results of remote detection of objects containing explosives with a lidar detector of traces of explosives in combination with a portable express gas chromatograph are presented. It is shown that the lidar detector of traces of explosives confidently detects the simulators of TNT, hexogen, and PETN from a distance of 5 m when sounding the surface of a sample. Laser action on the sample surface causes desorption of vapors, which are reliably detected by the gas chromatograph. It is shown that the joint use of the laser sounding and gas chromatography techniques makes it possible to increase the reliability of detection of explosives. The prospects of using the gas chromatography in the development of laser sounding techniques are determined.

At present, there is an increased interest in geochemical methods of searching for hydrocarbon deposits by detecting on the Earth's surface the scattering halos of hydrocarbons that migrated from those deposits, namely the aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylenes. The concentrations of the migrated hydrocarbons on the surface of the Earth are usually low and could only be detected at the threshold level of the gas analyzers. Therefore, for their registration, the preconcentration is applied, in particular, the passive preconcentration. For this purpose, the concentrators are used, which are laid at shallow depths in the explored area. The survey technology that is being developed by the authors uses the reusable concentrators in the form of hollow stainless-steel tubes with SE-30 siloxane-based sorbent applied on their inner surface. The concentrators placed in the analytical containers are laid in the ground for 1-2 days. The analysis of the samples from the concentrators is carried out on a portable multicapillary gas chromatograph in the field conditions. The current article is devoted to the development of a special device for the sample injection from the passive concentrators and the experimental determination of the optimal mode of thermal desorption sample injection from the concentrators into the multicapillary column. The original injection scheme is given, where the gas-dynamic isolation of the injection device camera and the multicapillary column during the concentrator heating and sample analysis is implemented; the optimum concentrator heating time and the optimum sample injection time are determined. Keywords: passive concentrators, thermal desorption sample injection, gas-dynamic isolation of the injection device and column DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.3.003 (Russian) V.M. Gruznov 1,2,3 , M.N. Baldin 1 , A.O. Malysheva 1,3 1 Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptug Avenue, 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 2 Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 3 Novosibirsk State Technical University, Prospekt K. Marx Avenue, 20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation