为探讨氮肥施用量对花生农艺性状和产量的影响,提高花生单产水平.以远杂9102、开农176、驻花2号、豫花23号4个品种为供试材料,设置不施氮(0)、中氮(150 kg/hm2)和高氮(300 kg/hm2)3个氮肥处理,采用裂区试验设计,研究不同氮肥处理对花生农艺性状和产量的影响.结果表明,在中氮处理中主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数、果针数及荚果数显著高于对照和高氮处理,随着花生荚果的逐渐成熟,中氮处理在饱果率、百仁重和产量方面极显著高于对照和高氮处理.综合花生农艺性状及产量表现,中氮处理(150 kg/hm2)氮素施用量最好.

通过引进浅紫花油菜不育系种质资源,从中选择可育单株,通过系谱法选育及结合温室加代培养,选育出粉白花色油菜品系PW-1B.该品系农艺性状较好,抗寒性强,既可一般种植,亦可作观赏种植.

为揭示混合苏打碱胁迫对不同品种油菜幼苗的影响,以油菜品种丰油10号、双油8号为供试材料,以Na2 CO3、NaHCO32种试剂按相同浓度不同配比混合,共模拟出4种碱胁迫环境,分别对不同油菜品种植株进行碱溶液浇灌处理,研究油菜幼苗生长状态和生理指标变化.结果表明,经混合苏打碱溶液处理后,供试植株表型变化显著,随pH值的增高叶片出现黄化、萎蔫现象;叶绿素含量随pH值的增高呈先升后降趋势;在丰S3、双S3处理时Pn、Gs和Tr较同品种对照分别降低了74.7％、73.8％、90.0％和78.9％、94.6％、92.0％,而Ci较同品种对照升高302.7％和659.1％;碱胁迫下双油8号各处理全氮含量均高于丰油10号;丰S3处理植株MDA、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量较双S3处理升高了45.7％、2.1％和31.5％;酶类抗氧化剂SOD、POD和CAT活性随pH值的增高,呈不同变化趋势,其中丰S3、双S3处理酶活性较同品种对照升高了20.1％、414.0％、155.6％,115.0％、223.6％、417.6％,且在高pH值处理(S3)下双油8号酶活性均高于丰油10号;双因素方差分析结果表明,品种、pH值以及二者的互作效应与各指标均有密切关联,相关性分析表明,油菜株高、氮含量、叶绿素含量、光合参数、抗氧化酶活性、MDA和渗透调节物质之间相关性显著.综上所述,碱胁迫可影响供试品种油菜幼苗正常生长和生理代谢,丰油10号油菜以积累更多渗透调节物质来抵御碱胁迫带来的伤害,而双油8号品种油菜具有较强的酶促抗氧化系统,以增高酶类抗氧化剂活性,来抵御高pH值胁迫带来的伤害.

The leaf angle (LA), plant height (PH), and ear height (EH) are key plant architectural traits influencing maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, their genetic determinants have not yet been well-characterized. Here, we developed a maize advanced backcross-nested association mapping population in Henan Agricultural University (HNAU-NAM1) comprised of 1,625 BC1F4/BC2F4 lines. These were obtained by crossing a diverse set of 12 representative inbred lines with the common GEMS41 line, which were then genotyped using the MaizeSNP9.4K array. Genetic diversity and phenotypic distribution analyses showed considerable levels of genetic variation. We obtained 18-88 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with LA, PH, and EH by using three complementary mapping methods, named as separate linkage mapping, joint linkage mapping, and genome-wide association studies. Our analyses enabled the identification of ten QTL hot-spot regions associated with the three traits, which were distributed on nine different chromosomes. We further selected 13 major QTLs that were simultaneously detected by three methods and deduced the candidate genes, of which eight were not reported before. The newly constructed HNAU-NAM1 population in this study will further broaden our insights into understanding of genetic regulation of plant architecture, thus will help to improve maize yield and provide an invaluable resource for maize functional genomics and breeding research.

以玉米抗病自交系P 178、感病自交系G 41构建的BC2 F5群体为材料,通过遗传连锁图谱构建和表型鉴定,对玉米南方锈病抗性进行了QTL定位.结果表明,在玉米第2,5,6和10染色体上共鉴定出5个抗病位点,可以解释6.88％到45.31％的表型遗传变异.其中,位于第10染色体短臂上的位点qSCR10.01具有最大的效应值.进一步对qSCR10.01进行精细定位的结果表明,抗病基因位于标记UMC1380和C(10)3595071之间,标记间的物理距离为1.34 Mb.

For identification of the major quantitative trait loci (QTL) resistant to northern corn leaf blight(NCLB) in maize,an advanced backcross population (BC2F5) including 150 family lines was developed using P178 as resistant donor parent and G41 as susceptible recurrent parent,respectively.The population as well as the parental lines was planted in Lishu,Jilin province and Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang province in 2017 for the evaluation of resistance to NCLB.Significant phenotypic variation in NCLB resistance was observed in both locations. Combined with the construction of genetic map with KASP markers,QTLs of resistance to NCLB were analyzed. In total,six QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1,2,8 and 9,which could explain 4%—23% phenotypic variation.Two stable QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2 and 8,which could be detected in the two environments,while the remaining QTLs conferred resistance to NCLB at a single location.

Barren tip on corn ear is an important agronomic trait in maize, which is highly associated with grain yield. Understanding the genetic basis of tip-barrenness may help to reduce the ear tip-barrenness in breeding programs. In this study, ear tip-barrenness was evaluated in two environments in a F2:3 population, and it showed significant genotypic variation for ear tip-barrenness in both environments. Using mixed-model composite interval mapping method, three additive effects quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ear tip-barrenness were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6, respectively. They explained 16.6% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant QTL × Environment interactions and digenic interactions were detected. The results indicated that additive effect was the main genetic basis for ear tip-barrenness in maize. This is the first report of QTL mapped for ear tip-barrenness in maize.