番茄产业是农业产业的重要组成部分,并且全球市场庞大,对农业发展具有突出的贡献.本文作者通过对盐城番茄产业发展现状、存在的问题进行深入分析,有针对性地提出可行性建议及对策,以期推动盐城番茄产业健康、有序、可持续发展.

为探索减施基肥、追施黄腐酸钾对羊角椒减肥增效的应用效果,设置5个施肥处理:T1,常规施肥(CK);T2,基肥减施40％(常规施肥基础上);T3,基肥减施40％+追肥时配施黄腐酸钾(推荐用量的50％);T4,基肥减施40％+追肥时配施黄腐酸钾(推荐用量的100％);T5,基肥减施40％+追肥时配施黄腐酸钾(推荐用量的200％),开展不同施肥方式对田间羊角椒植株性状、鲜质量、干质量、花果特性和产量的影响研究.结果表明,基肥减施40％,会导致羊角椒产量、果实品质、鲜质量和干质量等质量不同程度下降.但随着黄腐酸钾量的增加,羊角椒产量、品质及植株形态逐渐提升,甚至超过常规施肥处理.且在常规施肥基础上基肥减施40％,配施黄腐酸钾24.75 kg/hm2,综合效益最高.

灰灰菜与藜麦形态和生长特性相似,是藜麦田中的顽固杂草,难以防除.为了探究不同栽培密度下藜麦对同科杂草灰灰菜的抑制效果,本研究设置高(67株/m2)、低(10株/m2)2种藜麦栽培密度,比较2种密度下藜麦在3种生长条件(自生组、间生组和替生组)下灰灰菜的农艺性状差异.结果表明:藜麦高密度栽培较低密度栽培在不同生长条件下对于抑制同科杂草灰灰菜均具有显著差异;同一藜麦栽培密度下,灰灰菜居间生长所受到的抑制效应较大.

水稻是世界三大粮食作物之一,其适应性强、高产、稳产的特点使它在全球广泛种植.江苏沿海地区近年来在传统农业生产中以传统稻麦两熟制增产不增效.藜麦栽培范围广泛,能适应多种极端气候和土壤条件,具有较高的耐旱性、耐寒性及耐盐碱性,提高旱地利用效率、改良沿海滩涂盐碱地以及保持农业生态系统多样性等具有极其重要的现实意义.近年来,随着藜麦逐渐进入公众视野,我国已在多地有小范围适应性种植,并且逐年扩大,具有向规模化、集约化方向发展的态势.本文分别对水稻、藜麦高产高效栽培技术要点进行了总结,以期为实现稻(藜)轮作为代表的践行农业绿色高质高效发展的好典型好模式提供技术支撑,打破传统的稻(麦)轮作模式.

为提高樱桃番茄种植效益,作者引进6个樱桃番茄品种进行比较试验,综合评价果形、果色、口感、耐运输性、单果质量、产量等指标,以筛选出适宜江苏沿海滩涂区域种植的优质、特色的樱桃番茄品种.试验结果表明,JSH20A55在产量、品质、口感、商品性等方面均表现较好,适合在江苏盐城地区推广种植;金陵黛玉植株长势旺盛,金陵靓玉产量高,均营养价值高、口感好,但均不耐运输,较适合近距离销售或在休闲采摘园种植;阳光植株长势旺盛、产量高,JSHC-36 口感好,均耐运输,适合销往苏南和上海市场.

为了能够进行藜麦籽粒产量的快速准确估测,本研究设置低(0.53万株/667 m2)、中(1.33万株/667 m2)、高(3.55万株/667 m2)3种藜麦栽培密度,籽粒成熟后收取植株样,测定相应农艺性状和单株籽粒产量,明确单株的籽粒干质量(y)和地上部干质量(x)的线性关系:y=0.330x-0.256.同时,模拟人工采收,发现单位面积下藜麦收获部分的籽粒干质量在低、中栽培密度下和植株地上部干质量具有较好的拟合关系.低栽培密度下线性关系为y=0.372x-0.189;中栽培密度下线性关系为y=0.521x-0.278.以上线性关系明确了根据地上部干质量进行相应籽粒产量估测的可行性,为藜麦籽粒产量快速估测提供科学依据.

为了解在江苏沿海地区条件下壳寡糖浓度对叶菜生长发育、综合品质的影响,在温室内开展5种质量浓度的壳寡糖(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mL/L)对3种叶菜(申荣真好吃、烤青2.0、乌青)生长、产量和品质的影响研究.结果表明,适宜浓度的壳寡糖处理可以提升叶菜产量、改善叶菜品质;适宜浓度的壳寡糖处理可以提升各项形态指标,还可以促进叶菜中SPAD值、VC含量和可溶性糖含量的增长,低浓度处理则抑制SPAD值等指标.壳寡糖对不同叶菜产量和品质的影响存在特异性,2.0 mL/L的壳寡糖处理是提高3种叶菜产量和改善品质的最适浓度.

为研究沿海地区铵态氮、硝态氮这2种不同形态的氮肥对藜麦生长和产量的影响,以苏藜一号藜麦作为试验材料,根据尿素(100％铵态氮)、尿素和硝酸铵钙混合(50％铵态氮+50％硝态氮)、硝酸铵钙(91％硝态氮+9％铵态氮肥料)这3种施氮差异和是否添加硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)设置6个处理,比较不同处理间藜麦的性状、生物量积累和分配的差异,分析不同氮肥对藜麦生长和产量影响.结果表明,与不施氮肥(CK)相比,施用氮肥能明显促进藜麦植株的横向扩展,改变藜麦叶形,增加单株生物量(增幅达101％～146％)和单株籽粒干质量(增幅达102％～194％);在硝态氮处理下,藜麦的地上部生物量、籽粒干质量和收获指数最高,表明硝态氮是更适宜藜麦生长的氮源.

探究有机硅水溶缓释肥在大蒜生产中的应用效果与肥料减施机制,采用田间试验方法,以常规肥料常用量(F 1)、有机硅水溶缓释肥常用量(F2)以及有机硅水溶缓释肥不同程度减施(F3、F4、F5)对大蒜生长性状、产量、品质与土壤性状进行研究,以期为江苏沿海地区大蒜合理施肥提供技术解决方案.结果表明,施用有机硅水溶缓释肥可增加大蒜植株的株高、叶长、叶宽,提高叶片叶绿素含量,促进植株地上部生长,显著增加返青期地上部鲜质量产量(P<0.05);增加蒜薹的粗度、长度、鲜质量产量,提升蒜薹紧实度;增加鳞茎的直径、2～4级鳞茎占比、鲜质量产量,提升鳞茎紧实度与内在品质;有机硅水溶缓释肥减施20％处理较常规肥料常规用量处理,返青期地上部鲜质量、蒜薹鲜质量表现为增产,但二者间差异不显著,而鳞茎鲜质量不仅增产,且二者间差异达显著水平;有机硅水溶缓释肥对提升土壤中全氮和有效磷的含量效果明显,对降低土壤容重作用显著;而对土壤有机质含量、pH值、速效钾含量则无明显影响.总体而言,在江苏沿海地区大蒜生产过程中,采用有机硅水溶缓释肥,肥料总量减施20％不仅不会影响大蒜生长与产量,还可以增加产量并提升品质,提高肥料利用率,减少土壤养分流失,改善土壤性状.

【Background】 Quinoa is a dicotyledonous herbaceous plant in the genus of Chenopodiaceae. It originates from the Andes of South America and can tolerate abiotic stresses induced by low temperature, drought and salinity. FAO consider it the only plant which can meet the essential nutritional requirements of human body. As such, quinoa has attracted increased attention over the past decade, but there is a lack of understanding of how it responds to waterlogging. The eastern coastal areas in China are rich in tidal flats, and given the nutritional value of the quinoa and its high tolerance to abiotic stresses, these tidal flats are ideal places for quinoa in developing sustainable agricultural structure in these regions. 【Objective】 The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate how different quinoa cultivars in these regions respond to waterlogging occurring at its anthesis stage. 【Method】 The experiments were conducted in pots and compared four cultivars which are abbreviated as SL 21, SL 44, SL 24, SL 45. The waterlogging was instigated at the anthesis stage and lasted for 4, 8 and 12 days respectively, with non-waterlogging taken as the control (CK). In each treatment we measured the physiological and yield traits of the plant, as well as the associated drainage indexes. 【Result】 Increasing waterlogging duration increased MDA of the quinoa leaves but reduced Chl(a+b), SP, SS, photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm). Compared to the CK, waterlogging for four days significantly increased the MDA in all four cultivars and reduced Chl(a+b) and SS in SL21 and SL24, with Pn, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm not showing significant change. The waterlogging impacted the photosynthetic parameters of SL 24 and SL 45 more significantly than that of SL 21 and SL 44. Compared with the CK, waterlogging for 12 days significantly reduced the physiological indexes of all four cultivars and damaged their physiological metabolization. In terms of yield, the main spike yield of each plant accounted for more than 65% of its total yield. Waterlogging for four days significantly reduced the yield of each plant in the four cultivars, with the yield ranked in the order of SL 44>SL 21>SL 24>SL 45. Waterlogging for 8 days significantly reduced the main spike yield and the 1 000-grain weight; and waterlogging for 12 days failed the branch yield. 【Conclusion】 Among the four cultivars, SL44 is most resistant to waterlogging. For waterlogging occurring at the flowering stage, if taking yield reduction of 15%~20% as the standard for designing the drainage system, the allowable waterlogging duration should be less than 4.1 days.

对秋季大棚种植和露天种植的多花黑麦草进行周期刈割,研究刈割次数对江苏沿海大棚种植和露天种植多花黑麦草的产草量及品质的影响.结果表明,从刈割次数来看,大棚种植多花黑麦草以刈割5次产量最高,达85614.45 kg/hm2,随着刈割次数的增加,粗蛋白含量下降,中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量增加;从刈割时间来看,大棚种植的多花黑麦草鲜草产量在3月份左右达到峰值.

江苏沿海地区鲜食糯玉米一年两熟种植,采用免耕、种肥一体播种技术,使用玉米专用缓控释肥,推广病虫草害综合防控技术,可显著降低劳动力与农业生产资料成本,单季节本增效约1.08万元/hm2.本文介绍了江苏沿海地区鲜食糯玉米一年两熟节本栽培技术,以期为该地区种植户提供参考.

Understanding the role of Jerusalem artichoke grown in low fertility coastal saline soil in carbon sequestration is important for characterizing the relationship between soil use in agriculture production and carbon sequestration. In the present study, the mechanisms of photosynthesis and carbon distribution were studied in three saline soils with different salt contents (Xinyang 0.6–1.0 g salt/kg; Dafeng 1.5–2.4 g salt/kg; Shuntai 3.8–4.5 g salt/kg) by characterizing the biomass production, carbon storage, and carbon sequestration in the soil under Jerusalem artichoke. The biomass production and carbon storage during the growth cycle of Jerusalem artichoke were significantly higher in Dafeng than the other plots. The highest carbon sequestration was found in the Xinyang plot. The organic matter content in the rhizosphere soil was 28–44% higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. The soil organic carbon content in the rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. High soil salinities decreased the carbon storage of Jerusalem artichoke. Carbon sequestration in soil decreased with the increase in soil salinity.

小麦是重要的粮食作物,春化作用能够促使小麦加速开花,是小麦发育过程中的一个重要质变过程.春化作用在一定遗传背景下,由多基因控制且受多种因素(如温度、光照等)影响.近年来,人们对小麦的春化作用进行了大量的研究,对小麦春化作用的调控机制及作用方式有了一定的认识,小麦的春化作用主要由Vrn-1、Vrn-2、Vrn-3和Vrn-4等4类主效基因调控,它们彼此作用,共同影响着小麦的冬春性.基于前人的研究,本文从小麦春化理论、春化条件及春化特性、春化过程中的生理变化和春化基因等4个方面对小麦的春化作用进行概述;此外,总结了小麦春化研究中存在的一些问题,并结合笔者自身试验提出了一些研究思路.

Blossom-end rot (BER), one of the common physiological disorders in tomato production, decreases fruit crop yields and quality, resulting in economic losses. In this study, five cultivars of tomatoes were studied in saline soil and the microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were compared in diseased and healthy plants. The salt content was generally lower in the rhizosphere compared with bulk soil. There was a significant positive correlation between salinity and BER incidence. In the rhizosphere soil, salinity had little effect on catalase and invertase activity, but had a significant positive correlation with phosphatase activity, which was also positively correlated with the incidence of BER. Among all the samples, the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria was in soil in which cultivar Mengyu grew; this cultivar was the healthiest (lowest BER) among the five cultivars tested. The incidence rate of tomato blossom-end rot had a significant negative correlation with the relative abundance of soil microorganisms, but was positively correlated with abundance of Bacteroidetes. The result suggested that the occurrence of tomato blossom-end rot was influenced by soil chemical (salinity), biochemical (phosphatase activity) and biological properties (relative abundance of specific bacterial phyla).

Salinity is one of the most serious environmental stresses limiting agricultural production. Production of Jerusalem artichoke on saline land is strategically important for using saline land resources. The interaction between plant hormones and salinity stress in governing Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) growth is unclear. Jerusalem artichoke (variety Nanyu-1) was grown under variable salinity stress in the field, and a role of endogenous hormones [zeatin (ZT), auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA)] in regulating sugar and dry matter accumulation in tubers was characterized. Under mild salt stress (≤2.2gNaClkg(-1) soil), Nanyu-1 grew well with no significant alteration of dry matter distribution to stems and tubers. In contrast, under moderate salt stress (2.7gNaClkg(-1) soil), the distribution to stem decreased and to tubers decreased significantly. Mild salt stress induced sugar accumulation in tubers at the beginning of the tuber-expansion period, but significantly inhibited (i) transfer of non-reducing sugars to tubers, and (ii) polymerization and accumulation of fructan during the tuber-expansion stage. Under different salinity stress, before the stolon growth, the ratio of IAA/ABA in leaves increased significantly and that of GA3/ABA increased slightly; during tuber development, these ratios continued to decrease and reached the minimum late in the tuber-expansion period. While, salt stress inhibited (i) underground dry matter accumulation, (ii) tuber dry matter accumulation efficiency, (iii) transport of non-reducing sugars to tubers, and (iv) fructan accumulation efficiency during the tuber-expansion period; these effects were accompanied by significantly decreased tuber yield with an increase in salinity. With soil salinity increasing, the synthesis of IAA and GA3 was inhibited in leaves and tubers, while ABA synthesis was stimulated. In brief, tuber yield would significantly decreased with the increase of salinity.

The changes in content of endogenous hormones in stolons and tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) regulate tuber growth, but the specific knowledge about the importance of balance among the endogenous hormones is lacking. Two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke (NY-1 and QY-2) were tested for the endogenous zeatin (ZT), auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating sugar and dry matter accumulation in tubers. The dry matter content and sugar accumulation in tubers were correlated positively with endogenous ZT and negatively with GA3 content and GA3/ABA and IAA/ABA content ratios. Throughout the tuber formation, ZT content was higher in NY-1 than QY-2 tubers, whereas ABA content was higher in QY-2 than NY-1 tubers. The content ratios GA3/ABA and IAA/ABA were greater in NY-1 than QY-2 before tuber initiation, but QY-2 surpassed NY-1 during the tuber growth stage. The GA3/ABA and IAA/ABA content ratios declined during tuber growth. The results suggested that a dynamic balance of endogenous hormones played an important role in tuber development.

Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gases, but can also be a significant sink. Nitrogen fertilization is effective in increasing agricultural production and carbon storage. We explored the effects of different rates of nitrogen fertilization on biomass, carbon density, and carbon sequestration in fields under the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke as well as in soil in a coastal saline zone for two years. Five nitrogen fertilization rates were tested (in guream−2): 4 (N1), 8 (N2), 12 (N3), 16 (N4), and 0 (control, CK). The biomass of different organs of Jerusalem artichoke during the growth cycle was significantly higher in N2 than the other treatments. Under different nitrogen treatments, carbon density in organs of Jerusalem artichoke ranged from 336 to 419gCkg−1. Carbon sequestration in Jerusalem artichoke was higher in treatments with nitrogen fertilization compared to the CK treatment. The highest carbon sequestration was found in the N2 treatment. Soil carbon content was higher in the 0–10cm than 10–20cm layer, with nitrogen fertilization increasing carbon content in both soil layers. The highest soil carbon sequestration was measured in the N2 treatment. Carbon sequestration in both soil and Jerusalem artichoke residue was increased by nitrogen fertilization depending on the rates in the coastal saline zone studied.