探讨腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术治疗脾脏良性占位性病变的手术要点、适应证及疗效。回顾分析2015年1月至2020年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院3例脾囊肿、2例脾血管瘤患者资料，均行腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术，病变4例位于上极，1例位于下极，病变最大径(5.4±2.7)cm。5例患者均成功完成手术，手术时间(173.0±48.0)min，出血量(70.0±27.4)ml，术后住院时间(7.6±2.5)d，均无术后并发症。随访时长5~48个月，无病变复发及远期并发症。腹腔镜脾部分切除术治疗脾良性占位性病变安全可行、疗效肯定，能避免或减少发生脾切除后凶险性感染、血栓等严重并发症。

In December 2020, European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) issued the latest practical guidelines for clinical nutrition in liver disease on the basis of the published ESPEN guidelines for clinical nutrition in liver disease and the latest clinical evidence. The guideline proposes 103 statements and recommendations for the nutritional and metabolic management of patients with acute liver failure, alcohol and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver transplantation, which summarizes the principles and measures for clinical nutrition in diagnosis and treatment and provides more comprehensive guidance for nutrition program. Key words：Liver Disease； Malnutrition； Europe； Practice Guideline

急性胰腺炎和慢性胰腺炎是炎性胰腺疾病的两种主要形式,需要不同的营养治疗策略.近年来,对代谢、饮食、临床营养和胰腺关系的研究逐渐深入,急慢性胰腺炎的营养治疗也越来越受到重视.2020年1月欧洲临床营养和代谢学会(ESPEN)发布了最新的急慢性胰腺炎临床营养指南.这是在2002年急性胰腺炎的临床营养指南、2006年慢性胰腺炎的肠内营养指南、2009年胰腺胃肠外营养指南的基础上,进行高度总结发布的最新的急慢性胰腺炎临床营养指南.改版指南针对急慢性胰腺炎的31个关键问题提出了42条共识性建议和7个声明,主要涉及急慢性胰腺炎的临床营养风险评估、营养干预时机、干预途径、干预类型等治疗过程中的关键问题.较全面地总结和概括了最新的急慢性胰腺炎的临床营养诊治原则和诊疗措施,为急慢性胰腺炎的临床营养诊疗提供了更全面的指导.

BACKGROUND:To date, the literature directly comparing early carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and delayed CEA in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (CS) is limited. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early CEA and delayed CEA in patients with symptomatic CS by performing a meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD:The PubMed, Cochrane Library (last searched in May 2020) and relevant websites such as Web of Science and EMBASE (1990 to May 2020) were searched. All meta-analyses of eligible results were conducted using the STATA version 12.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA). RESULTS:A total of 7 articles were included in the study hailing from the New Scotland, Chicago, Sweden, UK, Italy, and France. In this study, the early CEA meant that the procedure was performed within the first 14 days or first 30 days. And the delayed CEA meant the procedure was performed more than 14 days or 30 days after the symptom occurrence. Referring to the latter early CEA group and delayed CEA group, there were three publications. The results illustrated that the early CEA group was not associated with a higher incidence of stroke (OR = 0.77, 95 % CI: 0.273-2.170; P = 0.620). And no statistic difference was found on the incidence of postoperative 30-day mortality and stroke or mortality. Meanwhile, referring to the former early CEA group and delayed CEA group, there were six articles. The results demonstrated that the early CEA group was associated with a higher rate of postoperative 30-day mortality (RD = 0.010, 95 % CI: 0.002 to 0.019; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION:The meta-analysis of these related studies suggests that, compared to the delayed CEA group, the early CEA performed in patients with the acute post stroke phase resulted in a higher risk of postoperative mortality. Therefore, the delayed CEA was safer than early CEA for patients with symptomatic CS.

探讨解建国教授以培土生金八法为指导思想来治疗肺部癌肿的临床经验.解建国教授出身于医学世家,为我国医学泰斗、首届国医大师张学文教授直嫡真传弟子,现为全国名中医,享受国务院政府特殊津贴,从事中医药治疗肿瘤的临床及科研工作40余年.解建国教授治疗肺部癌肿,倡导扶正抗癌,带瘤生存的治疗理念.扶正重在培土生金、以通为补、八法并用,抗癌重在软坚散结、消食化积,抗癌缩瘤.临证治疗肺癌、肺部结节、肺部毛玻璃样改变以及肺癌放化疗后防止癌肿复发等方面疗效显著.

E-cadherin and SDC1 are markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that can be used to assess tumour prognosis. SDC1 has different effects in various types of cancers. On the one hand, reduced expression of SDC1 can leads to advantage stages of some cancers, such as gastric and colorectal cancer. On the other hand, SDC1 overexpression can also promote the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in pancreatic and breast cancer. However, the function of SDC1 is influenced and regulated by many factors. Exfoliated extracellular domain HS chain can mediate the function of SDC1 and play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. SDC1 binds to various ligands and influences the growth and reproduction of cancer cells via the activation of Wnt, the long isoform of FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP long), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and other pathways. Cadherins occur in several types, but this review focuses on classical cadherins. N-cadherin and P-cadherin are activated during tumour development, whereas Ecadherin is a tumour suppressor. The cellular signalling pathways involved in classical cadherins, such as Wnt and VEGFR pathways, are also related to SDC1. The activation of E-cadherin caused by SDC1 knockdown has also been observed. Despite this evidence, no articles regarding the relationship of SDC1 and cadherin activation have been published. This review summarises the expressions of these two molecules in different cancers and analyses their possible relationship to provide insights into future cancer research and clinical treatment.