为研究外植体取样时间和消毒方式对沙子空心李诱导培养的影响,本试验以不同时间段取样的沙子空心李半木质化茎段为外植体,分别采用 2 种消毒方式处理后进行诱导培养.结果表明:与 2％次氯酸钠消毒相比,使用 0.1％氯化汞进行消毒时,外植体污染率较低、成活率较高;随着外植体取样时间的推移,诱导死亡率总体上逐渐降低,4 月 25 日取样的外植体死亡率最低、成活率最高.综合分析可知,沙子空心李外植体适宜的消毒方式是 75％乙醇消毒 10 s+0.1％氯化汞消毒 5 min,适宜的取样时间是 4 月下旬.该条件下,外植体诱导污染率达到最低(4％),成活率达到最高(86％).

Prunus salicina 'Shazikongxinli' is one of China’s most economically valuable and reputable Prunus salicina cultivars. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of 'Shazikongxinli' is imperative for excellent germplasm breeding and the preservation of genetic resources. This work used morphological markers, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) to assess the genetic variation status of 50 'Shazikongxinli', with 18 plum cultivars selected as the control outgroup. The results showed that the average Shannon–Weaver diversity index ( H' ) of 32 qualitative traits in 50 tests 'Shazikongxinli' was 0.557, the average coefficient of variation of 11 quantitative traits was 15.57%, and a total of 232 and 105 polymorphic loci were obtained from 22 IRAP and 15 ISSR primers, respectively. All three marker systems showed relatively rich polymorphism, especially the IRAP markers. This might be related to the nature of the retrotransposons in the IRAP markers, which might be more suitable for intraspecific variability detection than ISSR. In addition, all three markers clustered the 68 tested germplasms into two groups. All of 'Shazikongxinli' clustered into one group, and most outgroup plum cultivars clustered into another group. This suggested a relatively narrow genetic base within the 'Shazikongxinli' population. These results would be useful in understanding the genetic diversity of the germplasm resources of 'Shazikongxinli' and provide a basic theoretical reference for breeding superior germplasm.

筛选适合沙子空心李初代培养的方法,为沿河沙子空心李茎段组织培养快繁技术体系的建立奠定基础.以沙子空心李茎段为试验材料,研究基本培养基及植物生长物质对茎段启动增殖的影响.结果表明,6-BA浓度为1.0 mg/L,NAA为浓度0.1 mg/L,沙子空心李外植体萌芽较快,长势较好,萌芽率为71％;不同激素组合对沙子空心李增殖时的表现性状不同,当6-BA浓度达0.5 mg/L,NAA浓度为0.3 mg/L时,沙子空心李增殖系数为2.50;当6-BA浓度达1.0 mg/L,NAA浓度为0.7 mg/L时,增殖系数最高,为3.30,增殖芽体丛簇生,叶黄绿;IBA浓度为0.5 mg/L时,增殖系数为2.00,增殖芽体丛生,叶绿、叶小;GA3浓度为0.7 mg/L时,增殖系数为3.00,增殖芽体分支较多,分蘖2～3支,芽体翠绿健康.该研究可为沿河沙子空心李资源保护利用和扩繁奠定研究和技术基础.

坡耕地土力学性质是影响坡面水蚀的重要因素之一,土壤紧实度是土壤抗冲性的直观表现,土壤液限含水量、塑性指数是直接表现土壤可蚀性的重要指标.研究煤系地层砂页岩区坡耕地的土力学性质特征,可为砂页岩区坡耕地的侵蚀过程提供参考依据.以煤系地层砂页岩坡耕地为研究对象,分析了土壤紧实度、液限含水量的特征,探讨了农事活动对土力学性质的影响.结果表明:犁底层紧实度(1384.25 kPa)>耕作层紧实度(481.60 kPa);耕作层土壤液限含水量与犁底层液限含水量的差异不显著;犁底层塑性指数与耕作层塑性指数差异不显著.可见耕作活动改变土壤结构,降低土壤紧实度,是造成黔中地区砂页岩坡耕地水土流失增加的主要原因之一.

通过四臂嗅觉仪实验研究了蓝莓不同器官对黑腹果蝇的引诱作用,结果表明:排除蓝莓枝、蓝莓叶对黑腹果蝇影响,确定蓝莓果实对黑腹果蝇具有最明显的引诱作用;蓝莓不同器官对黑腹果蝇的引诱效果为:蓝莓果实>蓝莓叶片>蓝莓枝条.

茶园套种是一种比较常见的种植模式，是按照不同作物的生长特性进行错峰种植，对于改善园区生态环境，增加种植空间的利用率，提高茶品质和经济效益具有积极作用。在山区茶园套种落叶果树，有多方面的优势，比如可以改善茶园小气候，改良土壤条件，增加经济收入，充分利用劳动力等。本文总结了山区茶园套种果树过程中存在的问题，并分析茶园套种果树带来的益处，最后提出茶园套种果树需要注意的要点。

为开发适用于空心李的目的基因SSR分子标记。基于空心李果实中果皮转录组测序数据,利用Trinity软件组装45 389条Unigene,其中32 822条获得功能注释。通过KEGG代谢通路分析发现817条Unigene与碳水化合物代谢相关。利用MISA软件在所有Unigene中共检测到9 797个SSR位点,分布于7 963条Unigene中,其占总Unigene数的17.54%。优势重复基序为二核苷酸（占总SSR位点数的40.57%）、单核苷酸（39.34%）和三核苷酸（18.58%）。AG/CT是二核苷酸中最多的重复类型（32.40%）,三核苷酸重复类型以AAG/CTT为主（5.87%）。根据已注释的与果实品质（大小,糖和酸合成等）相关Uningene序列,挖掘到47个目的基因SSR分子标记,以‘李子王30号’空心李种质叶片基因组DNA为模板对这些SSR标记进行有效性验证,39对引物能扩增出清晰条带,其中11对引物在5份不同空心李种质中表现出多态性。开发的空心李目的基因SSR标记为空心李种质遗传多样性分析、指纹图谱构建和果实品质性状关联分析提供有效标记。

银叶病是一种毁灭性病害,沙子空心李一旦感染此类病害,树体就会快速死亡,给沙子空心李产业发展带来很大影响.基于此,分析了沙子空心李银叶病的病状、发病规律以及发病原因,并提出了该种病害的综合防治措施,以期能够有效防治空心李银叶病,为促进空心李产业蓬勃发展提供理论依据.

Aiming at the problem that the fruit character and quality of Kongxinli are uneven in Yanhe County, Tongren City of Guizhou Province, the vertical diameter, transverse diameter, average fruit weight, Brix degree, acidity and sugar acid ratio of 70 Kongxinli germplasms from Yanhe County were measured, and the method of relative value comprehensive comparison was used to select several big and well taste germplasms, which included LQG-5, XZM-6, LT-3, LYK-9, etc. It provides a theoretical basis for breeding the new Kongxinli variety, which is of great significance for improving the quality of Kongxinli products, promoting fruit growers′in-come and the development of Kongxinli industry.

沙子空心李为一种地域特征十分明显的果园作物,其传统栽植过程中常常伴随花果发育不良、病虫害侵袭等问题,影响李园的整体产量.基于此,以实践为基础,根据沙子空心李的生长习性,融入生草技术措施,通过生草技术对沙子空心李多方面的影响作用,起到促进果树生长、减少病虫害、提升果树产量的效果.

结合试验,探讨了油茶种植效益分析及不同经营模式效益,旨在为种植人员提供有价值的参考建议.