特发性门静脉高压症（IPH）是一类比较罕见的肝脏血管病变，主要临床表现为肝内门静脉小分支的闭塞或狭窄诱发的门静脉高压。国内外研究显示，该病与感染、药物、毒素、血栓倾向、免疫及遗传等因素相关。特发性门静脉高压又称特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压症（INCPH)，为肝窦前性非肝硬化性门静脉高压，较难与隐源性肝硬化相鉴别，该病国内外鲜少报道。现报道1例人类白细胞DR3等位基因（HLA-DR3）阳性的IPH，讨论该患者的诊治经过以及对该病的认识，为临床提供借鉴。

慢性乙型肝炎急性发作是一类肝功能迅速恶化且较易发展成慢加急性肝衰竭的特殊临床综合征，主要临床表现为重度肝功能不全，高胆红素血症以及凝血功能异常等，临床过程类似于急性乙型肝炎。发生慢加急性肝衰竭之前患者存在肝衰竭前期阶段。甲胎蛋白不仅对识别肝脏恶性肿瘤具有高敏感性，而且对肝细胞坏死修复以及疾病预后评估具有重要意义。现报道1例甲胎蛋白异常升高的慢性乙型肝炎急性发作患者，在肝衰竭前期阶段应用新型核苷（酸）类似物艾米替诺福韦治疗后病情好转，成功逆转其向慢加急性肝衰竭发展。该病例报道旨在讨论甲胎蛋白对慢性乙型肝炎急性发作疾病严重程度评估的作用以及新型核苷（酸）类似物的疗效，以期为临床提供借鉴。

神经内分泌肿瘤（neuroendocrine neoplasms，NENs）是来源于具有神经内分泌标志物的细胞且可以产生生物活性物质和/或多肽类激素的一类肿瘤，其中神经内分泌癌（neuroendocrine carcinoma， NEC）是病理分级为高级别的一种NENs。有报道称，皮肌炎（dermaomyositis， DM）与恶性肿瘤的发生具有相关性，但合并胰腺癌较为少见，合并胰腺NEC的更是鲜有报道，我科收治了一例胰腺NEC合并皮肌炎的患者，明确诊断后给予抗肿瘤治疗，二者均好转，本文旨在讨论胰腺NEC的诊治经过以及皮肌炎与恶性肿瘤发生的内在联系，为临床提供借鉴。

Objective: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has been used to quantify inflammatory response in the body. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility of using this method to evaluate the stability of atherosclerotic plaques and the efficacy of atorvastatin in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: Twenty New Zealand male white rabbits were included and divided into the atorvastatin intervention group and the control group, with 10 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in both groups were fed with a high fat diet for 20 weeks, and treated with thoracoabdominal aortic balloon-pulling to establish atherosclerosis model at the end of the 2nd week. Rabbits in atorvastatin intervention group was given atorvastatin intragastrically once a day. At the 8th week, thoracoabdominal aortic ultrasound was used to detect plaques in all rabbits. Blood was drawn at the 3rd and the 20th week, respectively, to measure blood lipids, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). At the end of experiment, survival animals were scanned by (18)F-FDG PET-CT, and the average and maximum standard uptake values (SUVmean, SUVmax) of aortic segments were measured. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and aortic specimens of rabbits were taken and examined by immunohistochemistry. The pathological indexes were measured and compared. Results: At the end of experiment, the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hs-CRP [ (4.58±0.51) ng/ml vs.(5.87±0.66) ng/ml, P<0.01], MMP-9[ (43.93±2.16) ng/ml vs. (50.77±2.32) ng/ml, P<0.01], SUVmean (0.59±0.15 vs. 0.68±0.20, P<0.05) , SUVmax (0.68±0.20 vs. 0.81±0.27, P<0.05) , plaque area [ (0.36±0.24) mm(2) vs. (0.50±0.34) mm(2), P<0.05) ] and density of macrophage[ (4.34±1.54) % vs. (5.65±1.89) %, P<0.01] in the atorvastatin intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In contrast, fiber cap thickness of the plaque[ (4.12±0.66) μm vs. (2.96±0.37) μm, P<0.01] in the atorvastatin intervention group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The arterial plaque areas were positively correlated with SUVmean (r=0.27, P<0.05) and SUVmax (r=0.43, P<0.01) . Fiber cap thickness was negatively correlated with SUVmean (r=-0.38, P<0.05) and SUVmax (r=-0.47, P<0.01) . The density of macrophage were positively correlated with SUVmean (r=0.52, P<0.01) and SUVmax (r=0.51, P<0.01) . Conclusion: (18)F-FDG PET/CT can be used to evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin by the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.

颈动脉冗长国内外文献报道并不少见, 但多较为久远, 而颈动脉冗长并发急性颅内大动脉闭塞实属罕见. 该文介绍1例急性缺血性脑卒中患者, 右侧大脑中动脉急性闭塞, 同时合并患侧颈内动脉冗长迂曲、 瘤样扩张, 经积极通过极端路径进行机械开通, 患者术后功能恢复良好. 结合以往文献, 进一步对颈内动脉冗长的病因、 病理及治疗等方面做简要阐述.