Livestock and poultry breeding farms different in scale vary in management mode, and in pollution generation characteristic, too. Studying their pollution generation characteristics relative to scale of the farm may help provide some scientific basis for rational regional waste utilization and pollution control. Two pig farms different in scale in Tiaoxi Basin were selected for the study, samples of wastewater and pig feces generated in these two pig farms were collected for analy?sis to characterize, pollutant contents in the wastewater and feces and pollution generation coefficient of the farms different in scale at different stages. Results show that the Jinai Farm ( annually 500 pigs sent to the slaughterhouse) was higher than in the Daguanshan Farm ( annually 36000 pigs sent the slaughterhouse) in average daily production of breeding sew?age and feces per pig;the Daguanshan Farm was higher than the Jinai Farm in pollution content ( except for P ) in the sew?age and feces;the Jianai Farm was much too higher than the Daguanshan Farm in content of total phosphorus(TP) in the pig waste, which might result from the use of swill as feed, which was higher in TP. Pollution generation coefficient varied with pig breeding stage. In the Daguanshan Farm, generation coefficient reached 8. 94, 18. 68 and 30. 65 g·d-1 for TN and 3. 91, 7. 62 and 14. 77 g·d-1 for TP, respectively, at the stage of nursery, fattening and gestation in the Daguanshan Farm, and 9. 84, 19. 77 and 32. 95 g·d-1 for TN, and 5. 87, 15. 23 and 30. 09 g·d-1 for TP, respectively, at the Jinai Farm. Apparently, the Daguanshan Farm was slightly higher than the Jinai Farm in total nitrogen ( TN) pollutant genera?tion, but much lower in TP pollutant generation coefficient and the two farms were quite similar in heavy metal pollutants generation coefficient, which demonstrate that scale of a pig farm is a major factor affecting TP pollutant generation coeffi?cient, but a minor one affecting TN and heavy metal pollutant generation coefficients.

Based on aerosol optical thickness dataset provided by MODIS satellite data from 2000 to 2015 ,using the linear regression method and the empirical orthogonal function decomposition meth-od,the monthly and yearly as well as temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric aerosols over the Tibet Plateau (80°E-105°E,25°N -40°N)are discussed. Results show that:aerosol optical thickness is declining at a fast rate;Aerosol optical thickness in September each year is the lowest,and in March to May are the highest. The first EOF decomposition mode indicates that aerosol optical thickness has the consistent variation characteristics in the entire plateau. And before 2009,the aerosol optical thickness over the plateau was higher than the 16 years'average value,but after 2009,it was lower than the long-time average value.

It has a great significance for the regional water pollution control to analyse the main sources of water pollution. In order to understand the major pollutants and the main pollution sources of Jiaxing ,the amount of pollutants into the river and Equivalent Standard Pollution Load of pollu-tants were calculated. The results showed that the absolute discharge amount of non-point source pollution( NPSP)in Jiaxing was larger than that of point source pollution. The livestock breeding was the main pollution source of total phosphorus and NPSP. The main source of point source pollu-tion was city domestic sewage. The amount of pollutants from Tongxiang into the river was the lar-gest. The pollution extent was Tongxiang ﹥ Nanhu ﹥ Jiashan ﹥ Pinghu ﹥ Haining ﹥ Xiuzhou ﹥Haiyan. According to pollution stress,the main pollutants were total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus,and the main sources of pollution were livestock breeding,city domestic sewage and farmland.

How to calculate discharge of pollutants from the livestock and poultry breeding industry is critical to judgment of environment situation as well as planning and decision?making for the environment, and the calculation is an important basic datum for designing livestock and poultry breeding pollution control projects. Pollutants producing and discharging coefficients are important basic data in the study of environment, and can be used as a fair objective approach to calcula?tion of pollutants discharge from the industry. The recent researches on pollutants producing and discharging coefficients of the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China are reviewed. The development courses, measuring methods and meas?urements of the coefficients in different regions of the country are collated systematically for comparison. Typical applica?tions and improvements in the researches are summerized, and in the end the progresses in future researches in this field is forecacted.