The disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were added into arsenic contaminated soil, then rice pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of phosphorus (P)-containing substances on arsenic (As) uptake by rice. The results showed that: DSP and HAP significantly increased soil pH and the contents of available P in soil (P < 0.05), activating soil arsenic. And DSP was stronger than HAP in improving the migration ability of As in soil. DSP and HAP treatments both significantly reduced the contents of total As in root, as well as total As and inorganic As in brown rice. But HAP significantly increased total As contents in stem. DSP and HAP treatments had better reducing effects on inorganic As than on total As in brown rice. And DSP had the same reducing effects as HAP on total As and inorganic As in brown rice. Analysis results showed that the contents of As in rice were affected by the antagonism between P and As and the increase of As bio-availability in soil. The antagonism played the major role in this study and it was clearly exhibited in both root and rice. Lower dosage (< or = 0.12 g x kg(-1)) of DSP and HAP increased total biomass of rice and brown rice yield, but with the increase of P addition, the two kinds of P-containing substances obviously inhibited the growth of rice, and inhibition by HAP was relatively light.

选用3种含铁材料FeC13、Fe(OH)3和FePO4,开展重金属和砷(As)复合污染底泥的稳定化处理实验,并用毒性浸出测试(TCLP)的结果和底泥交换态重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn)及As的含量来评价其稳定化效果.结果表明,(1)FeCl3和FePO4降低了底泥pH值,Fe(OH)3轻微地提高了底泥pH值.(2) FeCl3活化了底泥中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn,使其浸出量和交换态含量增加,对As浸出量的影响不大,但使底泥中As交换态含量明显降低,且在最大添加量(8.00 g/kg)时As交换态含量未检测出;Fe(OH)3降低了Cd交换态和浸出量,稍增加了As交换态和浸出量,但对Pb、Cu、Zn交换态和浸出量影响不明显;FePO4明显降低了Pb的浸出量和交换态含量,略微降低了交换态Cd、Zn含量,对交换态Cu影响不大,但明显增加了As的浸出量和交换态含量.综上,FeC13对As具有较好的稳定化效果,但明显活化了底泥中的4种重金属;Fe(OH)3亦对底泥中Cd有一定稳定化效果;FePO4对Pb的稳定化效果较好,但明显活化了底泥中的As.显然,3种含铁材料都不能实现底泥中重金属和As的同时稳定化.

通过水稻盆栽试验,研究了淹水灌溉(F)、灌浆期前湿润灌溉(A-F)、灌浆期后湿润灌溉(F-A)、淹水与湿润交替(AFA)这4种水分管理模式对水稻吸收土壤As的影响.结果表明,同F处理比较,A-F处理能显著降低水稻根和茎叶As含量,F-A和AFA处理都能显著降低水稻茎叶、谷壳、糙米As含量和糙米无机As含量.A-F、F-A、AFA处理对水稻生物量影响都不大,仅AFA处理减少了水稻根系生物量.F-A和AFA处理降低糙米As含量的机理是:灌浆期是水稻糙米吸收土壤As的关键时期,此时的湿润灌溉提高了土壤Eh,土壤溶液As(Ⅲ)与As(Ⅴ)浓度之和、As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ)的比例都显著降低,从而使土壤As的迁移能力得到抑制.F-A处理降低水稻糙米总As和无机As含量的效果与AFA处理无显著差异,但F-A处理的操作更简单,因此,F-A处理应当是污染土壤中控制水稻糙米累积As的最佳水分管理模式.

研究通过向砷污染底泥中添加FeCl3和Fe(OH)3作为稳定剂,通过五步连续提取法来评鉴其固化效果.结果表明:(1)0.5～5 g/kg的FeCl3(以Fe计)使底泥的pH降低了0.01～0.65个单位,而0.5～5g/kg的Fe(OH)3使底泥pH升高0.05～0.11个单位.(2)FeCl3和Fe(OH)3均能降低底泥中交换态砷(A-As)含量,与对照相比,最大添加量(5 g/kg)分别使A-As降低了85.71％和10.38％.此外,FeCl3显著降低了底泥中Al-As和Ca-As含量,增加了Fe-As含量,对R-As的影响不明显.而Fe(OH)3降低了底泥中Fe-As含量,增加了Ca-As和R-As含量,对Al-As的影响不明显.(3)FeCl3明显降低了底泥中As的TCLP毒性浸出量,而Fe(OH)3却使底泥中As的TCLP毒性浸出量微略增加.综上,FeCl3对固化底泥中的砷具有较好的效果.