为研究外植体取样时间和消毒方式对沙子空心李诱导培养的影响,本试验以不同时间段取样的沙子空心李半木质化茎段为外植体,分别采用 2 种消毒方式处理后进行诱导培养.结果表明:与 2％次氯酸钠消毒相比,使用 0.1％氯化汞进行消毒时,外植体污染率较低、成活率较高;随着外植体取样时间的推移,诱导死亡率总体上逐渐降低,4 月 25 日取样的外植体死亡率最低、成活率最高.综合分析可知,沙子空心李外植体适宜的消毒方式是 75％乙醇消毒 10 s+0.1％氯化汞消毒 5 min,适宜的取样时间是 4 月下旬.该条件下,外植体诱导污染率达到最低(4％),成活率达到最高(86％).

Prunus salicina 'Shazikongxinli' is one of China’s most economically valuable and reputable Prunus salicina cultivars. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of 'Shazikongxinli' is imperative for excellent germplasm breeding and the preservation of genetic resources. This work used morphological markers, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) to assess the genetic variation status of 50 'Shazikongxinli', with 18 plum cultivars selected as the control outgroup. The results showed that the average Shannon–Weaver diversity index ( H' ) of 32 qualitative traits in 50 tests 'Shazikongxinli' was 0.557, the average coefficient of variation of 11 quantitative traits was 15.57%, and a total of 232 and 105 polymorphic loci were obtained from 22 IRAP and 15 ISSR primers, respectively. All three marker systems showed relatively rich polymorphism, especially the IRAP markers. This might be related to the nature of the retrotransposons in the IRAP markers, which might be more suitable for intraspecific variability detection than ISSR. In addition, all three markers clustered the 68 tested germplasms into two groups. All of 'Shazikongxinli' clustered into one group, and most outgroup plum cultivars clustered into another group. This suggested a relatively narrow genetic base within the 'Shazikongxinli' population. These results would be useful in understanding the genetic diversity of the germplasm resources of 'Shazikongxinli' and provide a basic theoretical reference for breeding superior germplasm.

筛选适合沙子空心李初代培养的方法,为沿河沙子空心李茎段组织培养快繁技术体系的建立奠定基础.以沙子空心李茎段为试验材料,研究基本培养基及植物生长物质对茎段启动增殖的影响.结果表明,6-BA浓度为1.0 mg/L,NAA为浓度0.1 mg/L,沙子空心李外植体萌芽较快,长势较好,萌芽率为71％;不同激素组合对沙子空心李增殖时的表现性状不同,当6-BA浓度达0.5 mg/L,NAA浓度为0.3 mg/L时,沙子空心李增殖系数为2.50;当6-BA浓度达1.0 mg/L,NAA浓度为0.7 mg/L时,增殖系数最高,为3.30,增殖芽体丛簇生,叶黄绿;IBA浓度为0.5 mg/L时,增殖系数为2.00,增殖芽体丛生,叶绿、叶小;GA3浓度为0.7 mg/L时,增殖系数为3.00,增殖芽体分支较多,分蘖2～3支,芽体翠绿健康.该研究可为沿河沙子空心李资源保护利用和扩繁奠定研究和技术基础.

褐腐病是沙子空心李主要病害之一,发生广泛,多发生于李子果实上,发病时间多在果实近成熟期,严重影响了沙子空心李果实品质和产量,造成较大的经济损失.本文主要阐述了沿河沙子空心李褐腐病的发生规律及症状表现,提出该病的综合防治技术,以供果农参考借鉴.

[目的]探讨喀斯特山区野生葡萄幼苗的抗旱性,为野生葡萄种质资源的利用及抗旱葡萄基因的挖掘提供参考.[方法]以原产贵州的葡萄属4个野生种7个单株,即毛葡萄(Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.)‘花溪-9’、‘花溪-4'、‘农院-11'和‘福泉-1',腺枝葡萄(Vitis adenoclada Hand-Mazz)‘茂兰-11',葛藟葡萄(Vitis flexuosa Thunb.)‘习水-4'和刺葡萄(Vitis davidii Fo(e)x)‘农院-1'为试材,以欧洲葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)‘红地球’和欧美杂种(Hybrid of V.viniferra×V.labrusca)‘水晶’2个栽培品种为对照,采用盆栽法,设置干旱胁迫8,16,24,32和40 d共5个试验处理,观察植株的形态表现,并测定相关的生理指标,综合隶属函数法、主成分分析法评价野生葡萄各单株的抗旱性.[结果]干旱胁迫导致葡萄叶片失绿和翻卷,旱害症状和相对电导率(REC)明显增加,叶水势和叶片相对含水量(RWC)明显降低.其中,在干旱胁迫8d时,所有葡萄材料均未表现旱害症状;胁迫40 d后,除‘花溪-9'和‘习水-4'表现为2级旱害症状外,其余试材均表现出3级旱害症状.随胁迫时间的延长,葡萄叶片相对含水量逐渐下降,与胁迫8d相比,‘习水-4’和‘花溪-9’的降幅最小,分别为9.82％和9.63％,而‘茂兰-11’和‘红地球’的降幅最大,分别为13.60％和12.94％.随胁迫时间的延长,葡萄叶片水势逐渐下降,与胁迫8d相比,‘茂兰-11'和‘红地球’在胁迫40 d后叶水势降幅最大,分别达2.10和2.05 MPa,而‘农院-11'和‘花溪-9'叶水势降幅最小,分别为1.18和1.19 MPa.干旱胁迫8d时,葡萄叶片REC值为13.19％～21.75％,随胁迫程度加深REC不断增大,干旱胁迫40 d后葡萄叶片REC升高了38.28％～42.09％,其中‘花溪-9’叶片的REC最低,为51.80％,‘红地球,叶片的REC最大,为62.73％,二者相差10.93％.供试9份葡萄材料的抗旱性表现为‘花溪-9’＞‘习水-4’＞‘农院-11'＞‘福泉-1’＞‘农院-1'＞‘水晶’＞‘花溪-4’＞‘茂兰-11'＞‘红地球’.[结论]野生毛葡萄‘花溪-9'抗旱能力最强,葛藟葡萄‘习水-4’和毛葡萄‘福泉-1'、‘农院-11'也较为抗旱,可作为抗旱葡萄育种的种质资源.

为验证基底培养基和营养液对人工栽培双梭孢虫草子实体产量以及子实体中虫草素、腺苷和多糖含量的影响,通过全因子实验设计试验了对小麦不同处理和营养液添加与否的效果.实验结果表明:小麦不破碎且添加营养液作为栽培培养基较为适宜,此条件下双梭孢虫草的子实体产量、子实体中虫草素和多糖的含量都比较高.

为明确毛葡萄PIP2;1基因在水分运输中的作用,以期利用该基因提高葡萄的抗旱性,以PIP2;1转基因拟南芥为研究对象,研究PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下转基因拟南芥的生长形态与生理指标变化.结果显示,通过双酶切检验表明成功得植物超量表达载体pBI121-35S-VhPIP2;1;PCR、RT-PCR和qPCR检测鉴定表明目的基因成功整合到拟南芥基因组中,获得纯合转基因植株.干旱胁迫耐性分析表明,转基因幼苗成活率显著高于野生型幼苗(p＜0.05);幼苗根长大于野生型,约为野生型的1.3倍;地上部水势显著高于野生型幼苗(p＜0.05),是野生型的1.4倍.毛葡萄PIP2;1基因的过量表达增强了拟南芥的抗旱性.毛葡萄VhPIP2;1基因在水分运输中,能够维持细胞水势,防止细胞水分外流,加强细胞的保水力,从而提高植物的抗旱性.

Fruit body yields, together with cordycepin, adenosine and polysaccharide contents, were determined following cultivation of Cordyceps bifusispora on four different media containing either rice or wheat as the major component.Highest fruit body yields were recorded following cultivation on a medium consisting of 30 g wheat and 40 mL of a nutrient solution containing (per litre)20 g glucose,5 g peptone,3 g KH2 PO4 ,1.5 g MgSO4 and 5 mg vitamin B1 .No significant differences in the cordycepin levels (103.1 ± 15.7-122.1 ± 18.6 μg/g)were observed in fruit bodies cultivated on all four media,whereas highest adenosine levels (1337.5±75.2μg/g)were recorded following cultivation on a medium consisting of 30 g wheat and 40 mL of a nutrient solution containing (per litre)10 g glucose,10 g yeast extract,1 g CaCl2 ,0.5 g MgSO4,0.5 g ZnSO4and 0.1 g vitamin B1.Highest polysaccharide levels (251.1±0.7 mg/g)were recorded in fruit bodies grown on a medium consisting of 30 g rice and 40 mL of a nutrient solution containing (per litre)10 g glucose,10 g yeast extract,1 g CaCl2 ,0.5 g MgSO4 ,0.5 g ZnSO4 and 0.1 g vitamin B1 .