研究分析变化环境下流域的降雨量与径流变化规律,对于流域的防洪决策和水资源开发利用具有十分重要的现实意义.本文以黄尾河站1956—2016年的实测资料为基础,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、累计距平法、Lee-Heghinan法作为主要的分析方法,对大别山区黄尾河流域年降雨量和径流量水文序列的非一致性进行识别和分析.

Aimed at the attendant adverse swirl in the front of bottom hole and persistent adverse water-wing outside the bottom hole due to large lateral space between adjacent sluice,this paper comparatively proposes installing oval pier and wedge pier downstream the bottom hole. Results show that wedge pier program can not only adjust velocity distribution to avoid deflected stream in the downstream of open diversion channel,but also meet the requirements of diversion design flood, which will maintain the original cofferdam structure and avoid design alteration to save construction investment.

U-shaped thin and high arch dam is rarely seen all over the world.Qinglong arch dam in Hubei province is especially significant on account of its special terrain conditions.It is an RCC thin arch dam constructed in particular U-shaped river valley.The stress distribution of Qinglong arch dam is significantly different from that of conventional V-shaped dam.A large tensile stress area was found in the downstream arch crown which is 1/4 dam height from the bottom of dam.In view of this,discussions on the failure mechanism and safety of the dam are imperative.On the basis of the Drucker-Prager criterion,the ultimate bearing process of Qinglong arch dam is calculated and analyzed by using strength accumulation coefficient and overloading coefficient.Furthermore,by recording the abrupt change of dam displacement and observing the connected plastic zones and the convergence in the evolutionary process,the failure mechanisms of Qinglong arch dam is discussed and the safety degree is evaluated.Resuits suggest that different simulation methods lead to different destruction modes of dam in the upstream and downstream.But the final destruction patterns are consistent in general.As the stress of Qinglong arch dam in the ultimate bearing process adjusts itself,the tension stress decreases or disappears,and the safety of dam meets stability requirements.In addition,the characteristics of progressive failure mode of the dam are summarized.The research results offer important reference for similar projects.

青龙RCC拱坝在施工过程中多次调整封拱温度,针对不同的封拱温度方案,利用ANSYS有限元软件计算了温降工况下坝体的应力,并编写APDL程序导出了各方案下上、下游面两拱端及拱冠的等效应力,分析了拉应力的分布规律.结果表明,不同封拱温度方案下青龙拱坝坝体拉应力分布差距较大,当局部高程坝体的实际封拱温度高于设计值时,坝体的拉应力分布范围较设计工况有所扩大,应力值增大;在高温季节施工时,若不采取温控措施,坝体会产生过高的拉应力而影响安全.

Kaléta大坝一期围堰在试验初期过程中发现下游河道泄流能力不足，在上游洪水来流量还未至导流设计标准流量时，堰前水位已达到堰顶高程，为此，以模型试验的方法对比加高围堰方案和扩挖右岸河床方案，通过测量河床泄流能力、分析河道流态论证方案可行性，比选最佳方案，为工程导流设计及防洪度汛提供指导。

多折回通道型同侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性复杂，竖缝流速特性是研究的重点问题。针对多折回通道型同侧竖缝式鱼道进行模型试验研究，系统分析了鱼道竖缝流速特性。试验选择了3组不同流量、水位工况，实测了不同工况下竖缝表面及底部流速沿程分布情况，总结了多折回通道型鱼道在不同通道区段竖缝流速沿程分布规律，分析了影响竖缝流速大小的因素。针对工况3竖缝流速偏大的问题，试验采取了对鱼道边壁加糙的优化设计方案。边壁加糙措施增强了鱼道的消能作用，有效降低了鱼道竖缝流速大小。试验研究成果对类似鱼道工程设计及研究具有很好的借鉴意义。