为探究高浓度蚕豆水提取物、维生素C和E(VC/VE)提升草鱼肌肉品质(质构特性等)的效果,实验以普通配合饲料为对照,30％蚕豆水提取物、30％蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE(400 mg/kg VC+200 mg/kg VE)、蚕豆配合饲料为处理组,分别饲喂(250±20)g草鱼 120 d.在 40、80 和 120 d 3 个时间点测定草鱼的肌肉和肠道中活性氧(ROS)含量及ROS消除和生成相关酶活性、肌肉细胞中线粒体膜通透性转换孔和线粒体膜电位水平的变化.在120 d时分析草鱼的生长特性和肌肉及肠道的显微结构.结果显示,与蚕豆组相比,30％蚕豆水提取物和 30％蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE两组草鱼的生长增加、饲料系数和腹腔脂肪水平显著下降,但蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE组草鱼肌肉质构特性高于 30％蚕豆水提取物组.30％蚕豆水提取物和 30％蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE两组草鱼肌肉和肠道的活性氧含量较蚕豆组显著下降、活性氧生成相关酶活性下降、消除相关酶活性上升.显微结构观察显示,30％蚕豆水提取物组和蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE组的草鱼肌纤维密度增高、直径降低,肠道损伤程度较蚕豆组明显下降.研究表明,在饲料中同时添加一定量的蚕豆水提取物和VC/VE可有效提升草鱼肌肉质构,在淡水鱼品质改良方面具有较大应用前景.

建立了脆肉鲩鱼肉中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考残留量的LC-MS/MS测定方法.方法:试样经乙腈水溶液提取,正己烷除脂,C18固相萃取小柱净化,C18色谱柱分离,甲醇水溶液配比作流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源检测,负离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式分析,同位素内标法定量.结果:氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考在0.1～10 μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.999,加标回收率在80.3％～103.0％,相对标准偏差在0.77％～3.27％.该方法具有提取率高、定量准确及节约成本等优点,满足药物残留分析的要求.

Study on the kinetic modeling and parameter optimization for organochlorine degradation in anaerobic soil helps to eluci-date the kinetic mechanisms of organochlorine degradation in the environment. Here we introduce two types of kinetic models for organochlorine degradation in anaerobic soil through a case study on pentachlorophenol (PCP). One type of the models exhibits sub-strate degradation patterns without considering microbial growth and is represented by the first-order kinetic model;in most cases, however, this kind of models does not fully reflect (or only partially reflects) the inhibitory effect of environmental factors on PCP degradation. The other type of models exhibits substrate degradation patterns by taking into consideration microbial growth and is represented by the Monod kinetic model; this type of models, however, is applicable only in the exponential phase of microbial growth and needs to be modified for application in the lag, stationary, and decline phases of microbial growth. The logistic kinetic model, which can be used widely in the above two types of kinetic models, provides a simple approach for approximately describing cometabolic degradation of organochlorine by microbial consortium after an adaptation period. Additionally, we summarize the methods for parameter optimization of nonlinear models for organochlorine degradation, and further discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we propose the research directions for studies on organochlorine degradation in soil related to kinetic model-ing and parameter optimization.

从临床表现、剖检变化、病理组织学观察等方面对一例蛋鸡脑脊髓炎进行诊断,以供参考。

Volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) with low boiling point, under normal temperature and pressure of volatile, in the atmosphere, not degradation characteristics of durable, is second only to the contaminant particles and a large class of pollutants. China environmental monitoring station put forward to reflect our environmental characteristics of the Chinese environmental priority pollutant, a total of 14 class 68, of which 12 kinds of 58 kinds of organic matter, VOCs occupies 50% of the total number of organic compounds [1]. Volatile organic compounds including low concentrations of benzene, toluene, styrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, this kind of volatile organic compounds on human health and ecological environment pollution, decontamination of VOCs is the important part of air pollution control. This paper mainly introduces the process features of biological washing tower, biological reactor packed and microbiological characteristics.