Aiming at the problems of defects suchas corrosion and fracture of prestressed anchor cables under long-term operation, a theoretical method to determine the defect location of anchor cables is proposed based on the strain monitoring technology and the numerical simulation tests on the middle, left and right defective anchor cables. The experimental results show that there is a relationship between the defect location and the strain, and the results and trends of the numerical simulation and physical tests are basically the same. The relationship between the cable strain and the defect location is established through 15 groups of numerical simulation tests on different defect locations. It provides a feasible way to determine the defect location of cables and also a technical support for long-term safe operation of prestressed anchorage engineering.

文章以青山冲水库右岸溢洪道边坡为项目背景,利用FLAC3D软件对边坡在开挖及采取锚索、抗滑桩等支护措施后的变化规律进行数值模拟分析,分析了自然边坡、开挖边坡、支护边坡在正常工况与非正常工况下的应力应变及稳定情况,研究了次生软弱夹层R1对边坡的影响,提高了对边坡处理效果的把握和认识,为设计提供理论依据和支撑.

The deformation and failure mode of the sliding–cracking is common in rock slopes, which is mainly affected by the gentle and outward-sloping structural planes. These structural surfaces usually extend to the slope surface. This similar deformation mode has also occurred in the rock slope of the Maji hydropower station. But the slope does not have the structural conditions for sliding-cracking deformation, which is different from the traditional sliding-cracking mode. Therefore, based on the field survey and combined with the deformation characteristics of the slope, the deformation mechanism of the slope was analyzed qualitatively by the process mechanism analysis method. And the numerical analysis was conducted with the finite difference method (FDM) to study the evolution process of the slope in this paper. The results show that the “softening effect of the slope toe and valley floor (SESTVF)” is the key factor for the sliding–cracking deformation of the slope at the Maji hydropower station, which is caused by the weathering of rocks at the slope toe and valley floor; the squeeze deformation of the weathered plagioclase–hornblende gneiss and leptynite at the valley floor and the slope toe leads to the sliding-cracking deformation of the slope; the effect of SEVFST on the slope deformation in the slow river cutting stage is greater than that in the fast river cutting stage.

近年,信息技术在水利水电工程地质勘察中得以应用,在地质数据采集、存储、管理、分析、三维可视化展示等方面均有所发展.对国内外水利水电工程地质勘察应用新技术的情况进行了研究,分析了GIM、工程数据库、无人机倾斜摄影、GIS、GPS等技术与地质勘察的融合,简单介绍了中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司自主开发的"水利水电工程三维地质勘察系统",展望了勘察信息化未来的发展趋势.

During the fieldwork of hydraulic engineering, practical engineers normally document geological information manually. Although there are some GIS-based digital tools for geology, they are not perfectly applicable to hydraulic engineering. As a result, the current work mode is ineffective, unmanageable, error-prone, and not conducive to subsequent analysis. To address this problem, we developed a digital tool which enables geological recording and quick modeling based on 3D real scenes in the field of hydropower projects. There are three modules in the surface tool: object recording, image interpretation, and field analysis. The object recording module is to mark geological points (e.g., drills and shafts), lines (e.g., faults, stratigraphic boundaries), and surfaces (e.g., slope and stocking yard) on a 3D scene and then store them in the database. The image interpretation is to interpret the 2D information in images to 3D models loaded in 3D software for further studies, such as GOCAD. The field analysis includes surface fitting, stability analysis of blocks, occurrences calculating, rock recognition, and 69/sketching. The tool is helpful for recording data, drawing geological boundaries, and building a preliminary model in the geological survey.

大型复杂三维地质BIM模型具有地形地层复杂、构造多、地质界面构网数据量大等特点,严重制约向CAE数值计算模型的转化.利用MicroStation的MDL、ANSYS的APDL、FLAC3D的Fish语言进行数据转化接口的二次开发,并结合GeoStation强大的三维地质构建功能,提出一种结合ANSYS优化GeoStation中地质界面网格质量并在ANSYS实现地质实体的建立及剖分,最终导入FLAC3D中进行数值计算的解决方案.将此方法应用于某一工程实际,大大提高了建立三维地质计算模型的效率.

水利水电工程地质勘察涉及内容多、专业配合紧密、作业流程繁杂,传统的生产技术与手段已严重落后,难以满足日益紧张的生产需求.文章立足于地质生产的全过程及全生产要素的应用需求,基于数字孪生技术提出了水利水电工程地质的数字化应用方案,包括研究背景、方案架构、与大数据等新一代信息技术的融合与应用、研究内容等,力图实现地质勘察的内外业一体化、云端一体化、天地空协同、智能决策分析、三维地质模型快速建立等功能,助力水利水电及其他行业勘察业务的转型升级.

Crustal deformation shows different patterns at different depths due to changes in the physical properties of rock. Tectonic levels can be defined based on the geometry and deformation mechanisms of crustal deformation patterns. Nujiang Gorge, with a high riverbed drop, great erosion depth, and strong deformation, has rock exposures at different tectonic levels and thus provides an ideal lab for deformation study. This paper takes the Nujiang Gorge from Chawalong to Fugong as the object to identify structural deformation patterns at different depths through field study and deformation analysis. At depth, the primary form of deformation is flow deformation, as shown on the outcrops at Maji. Ductile shear deformation can be found in many outcrops within the study region, e.g., the Gaoligong dextral shear zone and Puladi-Songta sinistral shear zone that lie to the south and north of Maji, respectively. Further to the north of Puladi, the dominated deformation pattern is similar fold and dense sub-vertical foliation. In addition, brittle faults, as evidence of shallow deformation, can be seen overprinting on the deeper deformation features all over the region. Based on those observations, this paper identifies four tectonic levels from depth to the surface: flow deformation, ductile shear deformation, similar fold, and brittle fault deformation, all of which result from the NEE-SWW compressive stress field. Further evidence from studies on the region′s thermal evolution and regional tectonics suggests that the development of different tectonic levels is closely linked to the discrepant uplift or denudation since the Miocene (∼21 Ma).

研究区位于拟建的云南怒江某水电站坝区右岸电站进水口附近,斜坡主要由混合花岗岩和混合片麻岩组成,坡内受中缓倾河谷断层控制的变形破裂现象十分明显,虽然其宏观组合模式也表现为滑移-张裂,但是这些断层并未切脚出露,而是埋藏于坡脚以里或谷下一定的深度,按传统工程地质及岩石力学观点很难理解上述现象的成因.根据现场地质调查,结合其发育的地质、岩体力学环境条件的分析认为,上述变形破裂现象乃是在挽近地质时期河谷演化过程中,谷底(坡脚及谷下)岩体的风化软化所导致岸坡时效变形破裂现象,并通过数值模拟对其进行了论证.最后指出,对岩质岸坡演化而言,谷底(坡脚)软化效应是一种具有普适意义的斜坡地质作用.