目的 观察参芪补胰方对2型糖尿病（type2diabetesmellitus，T2DM）大鼠TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的影响，探讨参芪补胰方治疗T2DM的作用机制。方法 采用随机对照法将48只SD大鼠随机分为7组，正常组予以基础饲料喂养，其余各组动物采用高糖高脂饲养加腹腔注射STZ法造模，二甲双胍组给予盐酸二甲双胍片，中药组给予不同剂量参芪补胰方，给药6周后留取标本。ELISA法检测大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α（TumorNecrosisFactor，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（Interleukin1β，IL-1β）、白细胞介素-10（Interleukin10，IL-10）、白细胞介素-17（Interleukin17，IL-17）水平，HE染色法观察大鼠胰腺组织病理变化，TUNEL染色法观察大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡情况，RT-PCR法检测大鼠胰腺组织TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB的mRNA表达水平，Westernblot法检测大鼠胰腺组织TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB的蛋白表达水平。结果 参芪补胰方对DM大鼠FBG水平方面有明显下降作用，与模型组比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）；参芪补胰方组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、IL-17表达水平明显降低（P＜0.05）；可以通过改善大鼠胰腺组织损伤、促进细胞结构组织修复、减少细胞凋亡起到抗T2DM的作用；同时，与模型组比较，参芪补胰方组大鼠胰腺组织TLR4、MyD88、NF-κBmRNA及蛋白表达均明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 参芪补胰方可能通过调控T2DM大鼠炎症因子及TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB表达发挥其抗T2DM的作用。

目的 运用网络药理学结合试验验证探讨柴胡疏肝散治疗肝郁气滞型心因性勃起功能障碍(Psychogenic erectile dysfunction,pED)的可能分子机制.方法 通过网络药理学筛选出柴胡疏肝散在治疗心因性ED中发挥主要作用的成分、靶点及通路,将符合纳入标准的8例肝郁气滞型pED患者随机分为柴胡舒肝散组和安慰剂组,各4例,观察治疗前后两组的血清蛋白组学的差异.结果 网络药理学及蛋白组学的分析结果提示,柴胡疏肝散治疗肝郁气滞型pED的作用靶点为丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(Serine/Threonine protein kinase 1,AKT1)、白细胞介素6(Interleukin 6,IL-6)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶3(Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,MAPK3)、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、血管内皮生长因子A(Vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGFA)和一氧化氮合酶3(Nitric oxide synthase typeⅢ,NOS3)等;基因本论(Gene Ontology,GO)富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路分析发现其参与了细胞过程、生物调节等,涉及到了缺氧诱导因子-1(Hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)信号通路、前列腺癌信号通路、p53信号通路.结论 本研究揭示了柴胡疏肝散可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路发挥治疗肝郁气滞型pED的作用特点,其活性成分槲皮素、异鼠李素、柚皮素、川陈皮素,作用于AKT1、IL6、MAPK3、TNF、VEGFA、NOS3等靶点,进而影响HIF-1信号通路、前列腺癌信号通路、p53信号通路等多个信号通路,产生细胞增殖和凋亡、炎性反应、氧化还原等作用,为进一步阐释其作用机制奠定了基础.

INTRODUCTION:Sperm DNA integrity has been considered as one of the important determinants of normal fertilization and embryonic development in natural and assisted pregnancy. It is difficult for men with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in semen to conceive their partners naturally and assist in conception. The studies have found that the level of SDF in the semen of patients with varicocele (VC) was on the high side. In recent years, the effect of VC surgery on DNA fragmentation index has attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, we will evaluate the effectiveness of VC repair as a way to alleviate SDF and improve male fertility. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:Electronic databases including English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database) will be searched from their inception to December 2020 to recognize related studies. All the randomized controlled trials of microsurgical varicocelectomy for the management of VC patients will be included. The potential outcome will include improvement in SDF, oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation products), sperm chromatin compaction, other advanced sperm function characteristics, follow-up of fertility results. We will conduct this study strictly according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS:The study is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis without results, and data analysis will be carried out after the protocol. We will share our findings on April 5th of 2021. CONCLUSION:This systematic review will provide more evidence to assess whether varicocelectomy is an effective intervention for patients with SDF. The results will be published in a public issue journal and offer the urologists help to make clinical decisions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Formal ethical approval is not required in this protocol. We will collect and analyze data based on published research. Since this research does not involve patients, personal privacy will not be affected. The results of this review will be distributed to peer-reviewed journals or submitted to relevant conferences. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER:INPLASY202070119.

Sperm DNA integrity has been considered as one of the important determinants of normal fertilization and embryonic development in natural and assisted pregnancy. It is difficult for men with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in semen to conceive their partners naturally and assist in conception. The studies have found that the level of SDF in the semen of patients with varicocele (VC) was on the high side. In recent years, the effect of VC surgery on DNA fragmentation index has attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, we will evaluate the effectiveness of VC repair as a way to alleviate SDF and improve male fertility.Electronic databases including English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database) will be searched from their inception to December 2020 to recognize related studies. All the randomized controlled trials of microsurgical varicocelectomy for the management of VC patients will be included. The potential outcome will include improvement in SDF, oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation products), sperm chromatin compaction, other advanced sperm function characteristics, follow-up of fertility results. We will conduct this study strictly according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.The study is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis without results, and data analysis will be carried out after the protocol. We will share our findings on April 5th of 2021.This systematic review will provide more evidence to assess whether varicocelectomy is an effective intervention for patients with SDF. The results will be published in a public issue journal and offer the urologists help to make clinical decisions.Formal ethical approval is not required in this protocol. We will collect and analyze data based on published research. Since this research does not involve patients, personal privacy will not be affected. The results of this review will be distributed to peer-reviewed journals or submitted to relevant conferences.INPLASY202070119.

Introduction: Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) has gradually become a worldwide problem. Due to the mechanism of DED is not clear, it is impossible to treat it pertinently. Recently, some studies have shown that vitamin D is associated with DED, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and erectile dysfunction (ED), but there is no systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin D and DED. Methods and analysis: The databases of English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database) will be retrieved. The search strategy that will be run in the PubMed and tailored to the other database when necessary is presented in Table 1. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 11.0 will be used for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. This protocol reported under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement, and we will report the systematic review by following the PRISMA statement. Results: Through a systematic review, and meta-analysis when necessary, we can obtain the relationship between vitamin D and DED. We will share our findings in the third quarter of 2021. Conclusion: The association between serum vitamin D levels and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction will be assessed. Besides, the results of this review may provide some help for clinicians to make decisions. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required as the review is a secondary study based on published literature. The results will be published in a public issue journal to provide evidence-based medical evidence for urologists and andrologists to make better clinical decisions.

Abstract Background: The incidence of male infertility is increasing worldwide, and has become an important problem that plagues many married couples. Half of the infertility cases have induced by male infertility. Wuzi Yanzong Pill is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used in treating spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, lumbago and male sterility widely. Therefore, in this systematic review, we design to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Wuzi-Yanzong Pill for the treatment of male infertility. Methods: The English and Chinese literature published before June 30, 2020 will be searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Chinese literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese biomedical document service system, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, WANFANG data. All related randomized controlled trials that meet the eligibility criteria will be included and other studies will be excluded. We will search literature with text keywords “male infertility” or “sperm” or “semen” and “Wuzi Yanzong Pill” or “Wuziyangzong” or “WZYZ”. Progressive motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm number per ejaculate, pregnancy rates will be evaluated. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols statement is followed in this protocol and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review. Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of Wuzi Yanzong Pill in the treatment of male infertility will be e evaluated. The results of this review may provide some help for the clinician's decision.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of male infertility is increasing worldwide, and has become an important problem that plagues many married couples. Half of the infertility cases have induced by male infertility. Wuzi Yanzong Pill is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used in treating spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, lumbago and male sterility widely. Therefore, in this systematic review, we design to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Wuzi-Yanzong Pill for the treatment of male infertility.METHODS:The English and Chinese literature published before June 30, 2020 will be searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Chinese literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese biomedical document service system, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, WANFANG data. All related randomized controlled trials that meet the eligibility criteria will be included and other studies will be excluded. We will search literature with text keywords "male infertility" or "sperm" or "semen" and "Wuzi Yanzong Pill" or "Wuziyangzong" or "WZYZ". Progressive motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm number per ejaculate, pregnancy rates will be evaluated. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols statement is followed in this protocol and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review.CONCLUSION:The efficacy and safety of Wuzi Yanzong Pill in the treatment of male infertility will be e evaluated. The results of this review may provide some help for the clinician's decision.

Introduction: Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common type of sexual disorder among men which comprises a great of problems. Varicocele is defined as the dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus draining the testicle. At present, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants, topical anesthetics, tramadol, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are the common alternative strategy to improve PE. However, these therapeutic measures have several shortcomings and side effects. Recently, the correlation between varicocele and PE has attracted the attention of some researchers. A few studies consider microsurgical varicocelectomy can be a new remedy for PE. But it is still absent enough a great deal of convincing evidence. The study will assess the effectiveness and safety of the microsurgical varicocelectomy treatment in PE patients. Methods and analysis: Electronic databases including English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database) will be searched from their inception to December 2020 to recognize related studies. All the randomized controlled trials of microsurgical varicocelectomy for the management of PE patients will be included. The potential outcome will include intravaginal ejaculation latency time, Chinese index of sexual function for premature ejaculation-5, visual analogue score, premature ejaculation diagnostic tool, success treatment rate, serum testosterone levels. We will conduct this study strictly according to the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Results: The current study is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis without results, and data analysis will be carried out after the protocol. We will share our findings in the February 28, 2021. Conclusion: This systematic review will provide more evidence to assess whether microsurgical varicocelectomy is an effective intervention for patients with PE. The results will be published in a public issue journal and offer the urologists and andrologists help to make clinical decisions. Ethics and dissemination: Formal ethical approval is not required in this protocol. We will collect and analyze data based on published studies, and since there are no patients involved in this study, individual privacy will not be under concerns. The results of this review will be disseminated to peer-reviewed journals or submit to related conferences. Protocol registration number: INPLASY202060058

Introduction: Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common type of sexual disorder among men which comprises a great of problems. Varicocele is defined as the dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus draining the testicle. At present, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants, topical anesthetics, tramadol, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are the common alternative strategy to improve PE. However, these therapeutic measures have several shortcomings and side effects. Recently, the correlation between varicocele and PE has attracted the attention of some researchers. A few studies consider microsurgical varicocelectomy can be a new remedy for PE. But it is still absent enough a great deal of convincing evidence. The study will assess the effectiveness and safety of the microsurgical varicocelectomy treatment in PE patients. Methods and analysis: Electronic databases including English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database) will be searched from their inception to December 2020 to recognize related studies. All the randomized controlled trials of microsurgical varicocelectomy for the management of PE patients will be included. The potential outcome will include intravaginal ejaculation latency time, Chinese index of sexual function for premature ejaculation-5, visual analogue score, premature ejaculation diagnostic tool, success treatment rate, serum testosterone levels. We will conduct this study strictly according to the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Results: The current study is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis without results, and data analysis will be carried out after the protocol. We will share our findings in the February 28, 2021. Conclusion: This systematic review will provide more evidence to assess whether microsurgical varicocelectomy is an effective intervention for patients with PE. The results will be published in a public issue journal and offer the urologists and andrologists help to make clinical decisions. Ethics and dissemination: Formal ethical approval is not required in this protocol. We will collect and analyze data based on published studies, and since there are no patients involved in this study, individual privacy will not be under concerns. The results of this review will be disseminated to peer-reviewed journals or submit to related conferences. Protocol registration number: INPLASY202060058

腮腺炎性睾丸炎是流行性腮腺炎的常见并发症之一,其病因主要为感染腮腺炎病毒.疾病发生发展机制为:腮腺炎病毒从呼吸道进入人体进而复制侵入血液扩散至腮腺,之后增殖扩散至睾丸,引起睾丸的一系列病变.临床表现为腮腺肿大,开始消退时患者又出现发热,睾丸明显肿胀和疼痛.西医将其归为病毒性睾丸炎范畴,中医称为"痄腮引睾",可见于儿童、青少年及成年男性,儿童未及时诊治会造成睾丸萎缩甚至导致成年后不育,成人感染腮腺炎后更易并发睾丸炎且临床症状较重.西医治疗此病主要通过常规补液支持治疗、抗病毒、抗感染治疗、补充雌激素及其他辅助疗法,中医辨证论治从清热解毒、疏肝泄热、清热养阴、疏肝理气散结、表里上下分消等方面入手,取得了显著疗效.近年,大量研究报道中西医结合相比单一疗法效果更佳,梳理近现代中西医治疗该病的个案、临床报道,为该病的诊疗提供参考.

Abstract Background: Erectile dysfunction is a common disease. It affects the quality of life of both husband and wife and its prevalence is higher in patients with overt cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors. In recent years, multiple studies confirm that nebivolol exerts protective effects on erectile function against the disruptive effects of cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, but its quality and efficacy have not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebivolol on erectile function in the cases with coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods and analysis: Chinese and English literature of nebivolol on erectile function in the cases with coronary artery bypass surgery published before August 31, 2020 will be comprehensive searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, WANFANG, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese biomedical document service system, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Only randomized controlled trials that meet the eligibility criteria will be included. Two researchers will independently complete literature screening, data extraction and assess the risk of bias, and the third investigator will handle disagreements. Our main evaluation includes 2 outcome indicators including the international index of erectile function 5 score and adverse events. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement is followed in this protocol and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review. Conclusion and dissemination: The efficacy and safety of nebivolol on erectile function in the cases with coronary artery bypass grafting will be evaluated. We will publish the results of this systematic review in peer-reviewed journals to provide new evidence to clinicians. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required as the review is a secondary study based on published literature. The results will be published in a public issue journal to provide evidence-based medical evidence for urologists and andrologists to make better clinical decisions. Registration information: INPLASY202060110.

Background: Erectile dysfunction is a common disease. It affects the quality of life of both husband and wife and its prevalence is higher in patients with overt cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors. In recent years, multiple studies confirm that nebivolol exerts protective effects on erectile function against the disruptive effects of cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, but its quality and efficacy have not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebivolol on erectile function in the cases with coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods and analysis: Chinese and English literature of nebivolol on erectile function in the cases with coronary artery bypass surgery published before August 31, 2020 will be comprehensive searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, WANFANG, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese biomedical document service system, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Only randomized controlled trials that meet the eligibility criteria will be included. Two researchers will independently complete literature screening, data extraction and assess the risk of bias, and the third investigator will handle disagreements. Our main evaluation includes 2 outcome indicators including the international index of erectile function 5 score and adverse events. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement is followed in this protocol and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review. Conclusion and dissemination: The efficacy and safety of nebivolol on erectile function in the cases with coronary artery bypass grafting will be evaluated. We will publish the results of this systematic review in peer-reviewed journals to provide new evidence to clinicians. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required as the review is a secondary study based on published literature. The results will be published in a public issue journal to provide evidence-based medical evidence for urologists and andrologists to make better clinical decisions. Registration information: INPLASY202060110.