Проблема обеспечения животноводческой отрасли Северо-Западного региона России качественными кормами обостряется по мере роста продуктивности животных. Решение проблемы заключается в обоснованном применении оптимальных количеств удобрений. Исследование проводилось в Меньковском филиале Агрофизического научно-исследовательского института (Ленинградская обл.) в 2012–2014 годах, его целью стала оценка влияния нового органоминерального удобрения (ОМУ) на качество и безопасность сырья для производства кормов. Методической основой служил микрополевой опыт в полиэтиленовых сосудах без дна площадью 1 м2 с искусственно сформированной верхней частью профиля среднеокультуренной супесчаной агродерново-подзолистой почвы: рНKCl — 4,75, Нг — 3,46; Sобм — 3,20 ммоль(экв)/100 г, содержание гумуса — 1,83%, подвижных соединений фосфора — 217 мг/кг и калия — 92 мг/кг. ОМУ имело влажность 2,2%, зольность — 25,6%, рН — 9,0, содержало N 2,46%, P2O5 — 4,51%, K2O — 3,36%, CaO — 7,18%, MgO — 2,48%, Cu — 97 мг/кг, Zn — 484 мг/кг, Pb — 21 мг/кг, Ni — 7,9 мг/кг, Cd — 0,1 мг/кг. В ходе исследования в полевом севообороте было установлено повышение продуктивности на 47–73% под действием доз ОМУ 3–10 т/га, а в сочетании с минеральными удобрениями — в 1,9–2,8 раза. Дополнение ОМУ калием обеспечивало повышение продуктивности на 18%. Оптимальными дозами ОМУ стали: 3–5 т/га — на посевах озимой пшеницы, 4–7 т/га — на ячмене с подсевом трав, 7–10 т/га — в последействии на многолетних травах и яровом рапсе. Выявлено устойчивое повышение содержания сырого протеина в зерне озимой пшеницы и ячменя на 1,0–2,7% и в зелёной массе ярового рапса и многолетних злаково-бобовых трав — на 0,16–0,46%, в том числе при повышении содержания в массе простых сахаров на 0,05–0,63% и сокращении накопления высокомолекулярных сахаров (крахмала и сырой клетчатки). Было показано улучшение зольного состава растительной продукции за счёт повышения содержания в зерне и зелёной массе кальция на 0,06–0,09 и 0,06–0,18%, магния — на 0,06–0,13 и 0,01–0,05%, фосфора — на 0,07–0,14 и 0,01–0,03% соответственно, а также микроэлементов. Важной особенностью действия ОМУ стало отсутствие отрицательного влияния на накопление в продукции нитратов, даже при внесении высоких доз, и сглаживание негативного действия минеральных удобрений на накопление в продукции простых сахаров и нитратов. The goal of the experiment — evaluation of row mass quality to be used in feed production, affected by new organic-mineral fertilizer (OMF). OMF contained 2.2% of water, 25.6% — ash, 9.0 — рН, 2.46% — N, 4.51% — P2O5, 3.36% — K2O, 7. 18% — CaO, 2.48%— MgO, 97 mg/kg — Cu, 484 mg/kg — Zn, 21 mg/kg — Pb, 7.9 mg/kg — Ni, 0.1 mg/kg — Cd. Application of 3–10 t OMF ha-1 improved productivity by 47–73%, in combination with mineral fertilizers — by 1.9–2.8 times. OMF enrichment by K increased productivity by 18%. Optimal rates of OMF: 3–5 t ha-1— for winter wheat, 4–7 t ha-1— for barley, combined later with grasses, 7–10 t ha-1— subsequently for perennial grasses and spring rapeseed. Crude protein increased in wheat and barley grains by 1.0–2.7%, in green mass of rapeseed and gramineous-legume mixtures — by 0.16–0.46%. Sugar concentration in grass mass raised by 0.05–0.63% while content of starch and fiber reduced. Mineral composition in plant mass improved: contents of Ca — by 0.06–0.09 and 0.06–0.18%, Mg — by 0.06–0.13 and 0.01–0.05%, P — by 0.07–0.14 and 0.01–0.03%, respectively. OMF had no negative effect on nitrate accumulation in plants.

AIMto establish a relationship between the main markers tumor stem cells (TSCs), CD44, and CD24, the level of tenascin C production, and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (BC).SUBJECTS AND METHODSThirty biopsy specimens from triple-negative BC patients who had conventionally received preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery were selected in the investigation. All the selected patients were conventionally assigned to neoadjuvant polychemotherapy (PCT) with paclitaxel and carboplatin. The surgical specimens were analyzed in relation to the degree of a tumor morphological response to PCT. The magnitude of the health-promoting effect of neoadjuvant therapy was evaluated according to the residual cancer burden (RCB) system using an on-line calculator; RCB was categorized into classes (from RCB-0 to RCB-III). The markers CD44, СD24, and tenascin C were identified by the standard immunoperoxidase method in the primary biopsies.RESULTSVarying morphological responses of triple-negative breast cancer to PCT were revealed, which showed resistance in 60% of the cases. The chemoresistance found in most (87%) cases coincided with the identification of the CD44+/CD24low/- profile. The detection of the higher production of the extracellular matrix tenascin C participating in the formation of the TSC niche fully combined with the CD44+/CD24low/- phenotype; while the maximum response to tenascin C was noted in the cases differing in not only a lack of responses to PCTs, but also in the most aggressive course in conjunction with metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONImmunohistochemical analysis shows that the unique association between the CD44+/CD24low/- phenotype and the pronounced production of tenascin C may have a prognostic potential, prospectively indicating the inefficiency of neoadjuvant PCT, in particular that with platinum derivatives, which is used for the standard treatment of triple-negative BC. Taking into account the role of tenascin C in invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance, it per se may be considered as a promising target for the targeted and/or combined therapy of triple-negative BC.

Background: Interferon-alfa (IFN) is still a standard and most widely used adjuvant therapy for patients (Pts) with skin melanoma. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this approach is doubtful despite decades of clinical trials. CaTeVac is autologous DC, derived from peripheral mononuclear cells of the patient, loaded with lysate of allogenic melanoma cell lines with high expression of cancer-testis antigens. We compared cohort of Pts receiving adjuvant therapy with CaTeVac with a cohort of consecutive Pts in our center who received IFN in the adjuvant setting. Methods: Pts with morphologically proven melanoma received CaTeVac or IFN. CaTeVac was injected subcutaneously in doses from 5 to 20*106 cells per cycle (C.) in the following regimen: C.1 – 14 days, C.2-4 – 21 days, C.5-14 – 30 days. After a year of the therapy Pts were allowed to receive additional cycles: C.15-18 (3 mo each) and C.19-20 (6 mo each). Each C. consisted from cyclophosphamide 300 mg injection on day 1 and CaTeVac injection on day 4. Pts in control group received IFN until progression, toxicity or at least 1 year of therapy whatever comes first. Both groups of patients were followed with the same clinical and laboratory methods and in the same time intervals. Results: Ninety Pts treated from 2009 to 2016 were included in the study: 48 received CaTeVac, 42 – IFN (2-high doses of IFN, 36 – low doses of IFN, 4 – IFN with dose escalation from 3 MIU until maximum tolerated dose achieved). Median of follow-up was 23 mo. Patients with stage III and IV were presented more often in CaTeVac group (79,2% and 20,8%) when compared to IFN group (68% and 4%, respectively). Stage I-II patients composed 28% of IFN group, none were in CaTevac group; X2 test for stage p = 0,001. Median time to progression in CaTeVac was 11,4 mo, for IFN group - 6,9 mo (p = 0,097). Two-year progression-free survival was 42% and 17% for CaTeVac and IFN, respectively. Relative risk for progression in 2 years was 0,74 (95% CI 0,57-0,96) for CaTeVac. Median of overall survival was 79,8 mo in IFN group and was not reached in CaTeVac group (p = 0,352) with plateau at 58% after 41 months. Conclusions: Rather promising results received in our study justify performing of randomized trials with CaTeVac versus IFN in adjuvant setting for patients with melanoma. Legal entity responsible for the study: N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology Funding: None Disclosure: A. Novik, S. Protsenko: Lector for MSD, Bristol-Myers Squib, Roche, Novartis. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

It has been established that some growth factors can play a substantial role in the process of prostate cancer (PC) progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential link between such pathological variables as extracapsular extension (ECE) and lymph node invasion (LNI) and production of epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).