Golovnin volcano (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands) is a caldera that arose approximately 39 thousand years ago, in which two volcanic lakes are currently located: Goryachee caldera lake and Kipyashchee crater lake. The morphology of the terrestrial part of the caldera has been studied sufficiently, whereas its underwater relief – the relief of lake basins – has been studied by several scientific teams only sporadically. This information was rather simplified, which was necessary for such tasks as assessing the potential of sulfur-bearing areas. Data on morphometric parameters for different years were not compared. Since the mid-2000s, such study has been carried out by the team of the Laboratory of volcanology and volcanic hazard of the IMGG FEB RAS, having completed a series of studies on the lakes of the caldera until 2023. In these studies, for the first time a unique high-precision digital material was obtained using a sonar, describing in detail the morphometric parameters of the basins. The aim of the study in 2023 was to establish the current structure of the Kipyashchee lake basin and to conduct a preliminary assessment of changes in the morphology of the basin over the observation period since 2005. In this paper, we analyzed current parameters and changes in the morphology of the Kipyashchee lake basin, as well as the events that occurred during the period of the observations since 2005, and compared these results with the studies of other authors. A high-precision bathymetric model of the Kipyashchee lake is presented for the first time with an isobath spacing of 0.5 m, built on the basis of 23 sonar profiles with satellite reference. As of September 2023, the maximum length of the lake was 330 m, the width was 190 m, the length of the coastline was 870 m, the mirror area was 0.0462 km2, and the maximum depth was 24 m. Our previous studies, carried out two decades ago, showed a maximum depth of 16 m, and, according to the measurements of our colleagues from Kamchatka in 2020–2021, the depth of 25 m was recorded. Thus, during the period of observations since 2005, there were changes in the depth of at least 50 % in the Kipyashchee lake crater, which characterizes the reservoir as one of the most dynamic in the region.

Volcanic lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are difficult to access, and for this reason, they remain poorly studied, with only scattered and brief data available. The authors have conducted a study of 10 lake basins using modern digital echolocation survey techniques and have also compiled and summarized published data for 15 lakes in the region, calculating their main morphometric characteristics. It has been established that many caldera lake basins are modified by young explosive funnels, extrusive or effusive domes, and exhibit traces of hydrothermal activity. While lakes of the same genetic type in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are similar in depth and depression forms, the group of caldera lakes shows less homogeneity across all morphometric indicators. It was found that the absolute heights of the reservoirs on Kamchatka Peninsula are generally greater than those on the Kuril Islands, as is often the case with the size of their basins. The volcanic lakes under study can rapidly change their volume and shape under the influence of endogenous processes. For the first time for this region, on the base of repeated observations, underwater extrusive dome rate growth and the approximate rates of 2 lake level changes were calculated. Repeated observations of lakes in the Ksudach calderas（Kamchatka） and on Simushir Island indicate approximate rates of level changes: a decrease ranging within 0.5-0.6 m per year（over a 27-year observation interval） and an increase reaching up to 0.26 m per year（over a 48-year interval）. The growth rate of the underwater extrusive dome in Lake Shtyubel has averaged 1-1.6 m per year over the past 25 years. This analysis has facilitated the first generalization regarding the morphology and developmental features of crater and caldera lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region of Russia, representing an important step in their study. The results obtained will provide a solid foundation for subsequent research in this region and may be of interest to researchers studying other volcanic lakes.

—This paper describes a set of studies performed at a thermal manifestation (Lake Utinaya Banya) on the Iturup Island (Kuril Islands). These studies include bathymetric survey of the lake basin, geometric leveling across the lake, pitting, sampling of thermal waters from the lake and springs, hydrochemical research, and isotopic analysis of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water. It is suggested by the shape of the lake basin (close to lenticular with a significant concentric depression), the underwater gas-hydrothermal vents, the bank along the perimeter of the lake basin, and the presence of several layers of clastic deposits at the top of the rampart that the lake was formed by a hydrothermal eruption. The lake temperature has remained constant over the years and ranges on average from 25 to 15 °C, depending on the season. The water of Lake Utinaya Banya is represented by acidic, sulfate calcium, and low-mineralized waters.

Data on the morphology of the lake basins of three Novikovskiye Karyernye lakes, formed after the completion of coal mining at the Novikovo brown coal field with germanium-bearing coals (Novikovo village, Korsakov district of the Sakhalin region) were considered for the first time in the work. Bathymetric profiles and schemes with isobats made using interpolation of data from 29 high resolution echo-sounder profiles with a total length of about 25 km are given in the article. Morphometric indices of the lakes are calculated; the morphological appearance of their basins is described. The data on the depths and chemical composition of Biryuzovoye Karyernoye lake – the deepest waterbody on Sakhalin Island – are updated. The comparative characteristics of the lakes have been carried out.

Within the framework of a joint scientific expedition, for the first time, the staff of IVS FEB RAS and IMGG FEB RAS obtained the data on the morphological appearance and morphometric parameters of the basin of Lake Utko-Banya, which is not marked on the existing maps, temperature and chemical composition of the lake waters. Gas-hydrotherms discharged along the dike of Konakova сape have been examined.

Based on 198 determinations of the complete silicate analysis of Tyatya volcano (Kunashir Island), we compared the data of the latter (1973) and all previous eruptions to reveal their differences and determine the evolution of Tyatya volcanism in the Holocene. The application of the estimation of the thermobaric parameters of the upper mantle magma chamber of the volcano made it possible to determine the temperature decrease in the magma chamber in 1973. An assumption was made about the polycyclic magmatic activity of the Tyatya volcano. The results of statistical processing of data on the thickness of tephra and the size of its fragments from the 1973 eruption are presented. Polynomial regressions of various degrees are applied. Models of tephra distribution based on three-dimensional trend analysis have been constructed. The results of the study are recommended for the creation of information databases on the petrochemistry of eruption products and the distribution of pyroclastics from volcanoes in the Kuril Island arc.

The article presents and analyzes the original data on the morphological features and the current state of a previously unexplored volcanic lake Krasivoe located in the Urbich caldera (the Southern Kuriles). The bathymetric scheme and echolocation profiles obtained with using of modern technique of digital bathymetric survey with satellite reference along the profile are considered.

For the first time, the paper presents the results of a detailed hydroacoustic study of the basin of the Biryuzovoe Karyernoe Lake (Novikovo village, Korsakovsky District, Sakhalin Region), formed after the conservation of the germaniferous coal deposit of the same name. On the basis of 12 hydroacoustic profiles, a detailed bathymetric scheme of the lake was compiled, its main morphometric parameters were calculated, and the morphological appearance was described. Preliminary conclusions have been made about the rates of sedimentation within the basin of the lake, and perspective points for monitoring the dynamics of bottom and slope sedimentation have been established. Based on the results of the chemical analysis of the lake waters, a conclusion was made on the prospects of its use for tourist and recreational purposes.

This paper presents generalized modern data on the location, morphometry, and genesis of the largest lake basins of the Kuril Islands, obtained in a series of expeditions of the laboratory of volcanology and volcanic hazard of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS in 2005–2020. The data is supplemented with modern geoinformation open access resources. A sample of the largest of 1099 Kuril lakes has been made according to the areal criterion, thus, 20 objects have been included in the list of studied water bodies, which are represented by 7 volcanic and 13 lagoon lakes. The considered lakes are clearly divided according to genesis, area and height of the mirror, maximum depth, as well as the ratio of the main morphometric characteristics. This information is part of a database currently being created on the largest lakes in the region.

The data of 2017, characterizing the modern gas-hydrothermal activity of the Berutarube volcano (Iturup Island, the Southern Kuriles) are presented. It is shown that currently the volcano has intensive solfataric and hydrothermal activity, concentrated within the three main sites near summit part of the edifice. The maximum temperature of steam-gas outlets is 96.6 °C, thermal spring – 80 °C. According to the chemical composition, the hydrotherms of Berutarube volcano are ultra-acid (pH 1.5), mineralized, chloride-sulfate waters with a complex cationic composition.

The Ksudach volcano is one of the most complicated and dynamic volcanic centre of the Russian Far East located on the south of Kamchatka peninsula. Modern cone of the volcano is composite construction with five different size and time calderas, two lakes and recent Shtubel’s cone. Studying of modern terrain dynamics on the volcano can be carried out with by comparison of two digital elevation (hypso- and bathy-) models for state of 80s in the 20 century (created on the data of aerial photographs and the bathymetric surveys) and for modern state (on the data of ArcticDEM and digital echosounding bathymetric survey with synchronized satellite fixation of the profiles). The elevation models like these (for Kamchatka’s volcanes and for different it’s conditions) were created at the first time. Its comparison allowed us to recognize new underwater extrusion dome with extensive underwater gas-hydrothermal outlets. Besides this we got the possibilities for clear bordering of different-time calderas using fractures on the automatic traceabled small river profiles. Comparison of high-resolution different-time DEMs for volcanic research is relatively new and perspective way for understanding volcanic life and development.

The work presents modern data on the location, morphometry, and genesis of the largest lakes basins of the Kuril Islands obtained in the volcanological expeditions of the IMGG FEB RAS during 2005– 2018 and using open geographic information resources. 1099 lakes were sampled according to the criterion S≥1 km², the list of studied objects included 20 reservoirs, represented by 7 volcanic and 13 lagoon lakes. The considered lakes are clearly divided according to their origin, area and height of the mirror, and maximum depth. The most part of large lakes falls on the Southern Kurils, and the largest water body – the volcanic lake Koltsevoe – is located on Onekotan Island, which is a part of the group of the Northern Kurils. Volcanic lakes occupy an area of 48.26 km² (60% of the total area of 20 lakes), the depth varies in the range from several tens to several hundred meters. This category of lakes is characterized by relatively high levels of the mirror, which range from 50 to 648 m above sea level. Lagoon lakes occupy an area of 32.15km² (40% of the total area of 20 lakes), the depth of water bodies is small – from 1 to 23 m, the absolute height of the lake mirror is from 1–5 to 8–9 m.

Полный текст https://elibrary.ru/title_about.asp?id=64191 Современные данные о морфологии затопленной кальдеры Львиная Пасть (о. Итуруп, Южные Курильские острова)Д. Н

Volcanic lakes are of particular interest to geomorphologists and other professionals due to the diversity of the basins forms and the very dynamic development of lake systems. The origin and evolution of these water bodies are closely related to active volcanic and post-volcanic processes, they are characterized by rapid changes of shape, level, composition of water and characteristics of the coast. Usually bounded by craters, calderas and in the immediate vicinity of volcanoes, these lakes present a kind of by-product of volcanism. In the Kuril-Kamchatka region, two types of lakes can be distinguished: 1) dynamically developing young, some of them ephemeral, located on active volcanoes, in active craters. In these lakes, as a rule, there are active gas-hydrothermal manifestations, and their waters are highly mineralized; 2) stable (relict) lakes in the calderas of dormant and extinct volcanoes. Lakes of this type usually do not have explosive funnels or active gas hydrotherms, and the water in them is slightly mineralized. It suggests a much more ancient age and the decreasing of post-volcanic activity in caldera depressions. Lakes of different types can exist close to each other and form a single communicating systems.

The paper presents the results of modern studies of physical and chemical features of littleknown Paromay thermal springs in the north of Sakhalin Island, obtained during field works in November 2018 and October 2019.There were no significant changes in the thermal spring physical and chemical features in comparison with the previous studies of 1951 and 1953.Several thermal springs with a temperature up to 32 °C are on a small plot in the floodplain of the Paromay River.By chemical composition Paromay springs belong to fresh (mineralization up to 0.68 g/l), slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.5),hydrogen carbonate-chloride sodium waters.Gas composition of thermal springs mainly consists of nitrogen (61.4 %) and methane (31.6 %), which are not typical to other thermal springs of North Sakhalin, in which the methane dominates.The measurements of volumetric activity of subsoil radon-222 in the area of thermal springs do not reveal abnormal concentrations; values of OA Rn 58-83 Bq/m 3 are comparable to other manifestations of thermal and mineral waters of the island.Computed by complex geothermal meters (Na-K, K-Mg, Na-Li, Mg-Li, SiO2) the temperatures of deep water reservoir are 30-40 °C, which corresponds to thermal spring formation depth of 1-1.5 km.Paromay thermal waters can be used as drinking water and for balneological application.

Состояние вулкана Берутарубе в 2017 г

 НАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕ (25.00.00)  УДК 551.234(571.642)амуРСкИе ТеРмальНЫе ИСТоЧНИкИ (оСТРоВ СахалИН) 1 Жарков Р.В., 1 козлов Д.Н., 1 Веселов о.В., 1 ершов В.В., 2 Сырбу Н.С., 1 Никитенко о.а. 1ФГБУН «Институт морской геологии и геофизики» ДВО РАН, Южно-Сахалинск, e-mail: rafael_zharkov@mail.ru; 2 ФГБУН «Тихоокеанский океанологический институт им.В.И.Ильичёва» ДВО РАН, Владивосток Представлены результаты исследований современных физико-химических свойств термальных вод Амурских источников на острове Сахалин, полученные в ходе полевых исследований в марте 2017 г. и августе 2018 г.По сравнению с единственными имеющимися до настоящего времени данными 1953 г., существенных изменений физико-химических свойств гидротерм не произошло.На 500-метровом участке поймы реки, как и в 1953 г., можно выделить несколько обособленных групп термальных источников с температурой 18-30,2 °С.По химическому составу гидротермы относятся к щелочным, пресным, гидрокарбонатнохлоридным натриевым.Дебит отдельных источников небольшой, в потоках тёплой воды развиваются синезеленые нитчатые водоросли.В термальных источниках и со дна реки наблюдаются интенсивные выходы газов, состоящих преимущественно из метана (85-87 %).Результаты физико-химических исследований позволили провести оценку перспективности использования термальных вод в бальнеотерапии.Физико-химические свойства воды и суммарный дебит Амурских термальных источников, оцененный примерно в 80000 литров в сутки, предполагает возможность их практического использования в бальнеотерапии.По аналогии с Майкопскими минеральными водами показания к внутреннему применению Амурских гидротерм могут

The main features of geomorphological structure of mixed-age fields of the Pugachev Mud Volcano (Sakhalin Island) have been identified on the base of space image analysis, field observations and using of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Geological, geomorphological and landscape-ecological features of this natural landmark are unique. Authors offer options for improving tourist routes and theirs information support (geological structure, formation and dynamics of the relief and natural landscapes of the mud volcano). Using of science-based information about this natural landmark, prepared by experts cover various aspects of this phenomenon, will be useful for tourism organization and can help to expand the natural scientific horizons of different social and age groups of tourists and form a brand name of Makarov district and Sakhalin Island.