Dialkyl (5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonates are of O-donor ligands and have received considerable attention as a potential extractants for the selective extraction of lithium in the presence of large excesses of sodium and potassium ions. As part of the study of the relationship between the structure of the extractant and the ability to selectively bind lithium ions, the crystal structure of diethyl (5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonate HLEt was established by X-ray diffraction for the first time. HLEt coordination compounds with lithium, sodium, and potassium were synthesized for the first time; their composition and structure were established by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Based on the obtained results, structural regularities of binding of dialkyl (5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonates with lithium, sodium and potassium cations were established for the first time. The ability of dialkyl (5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonates to form six-membered metallocycles with cations of alkali metals was confirmed.

O,O′-dialkyl(5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonates (HL) in combination with the synergistic additive, trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), were considered as lithium-selective extractants for the first time. The possibility of these compounds to exhibit lithium-selective properties in the extraction of alkali metals (Li, Na, K) was predicted by quantum chemical calculations, the results of which were confirmed by extraction experiments. It is shown that the composition of the extracted species can vary depending on the extraction conditions. At the same time, O,O′-dialkyl(5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonates can participate in extraction both as cation-exchange extractants and as neutral extractants, competing with TOPO.

In this work, for the first time we proposed a mixture based on 2-nitro-4-nonylphenol as a lithium-selective binary extractant, in which the nitro group simultaneously participates in the formation of a six-membered metallocycle and increases the acidity of the phenolic group. The extraction of alkali metals (Li, Na, K) by a mixture of 2-nitro-4-nonylphenol and trioctylphosphinoxide in dodecane was studied in detail. The extraction of Li from mother liquors after Li2CO3 precipitation was considered as a practical application of the new binary extractant. It was shown that by using only liquid extraction methods, a high degree of concentration and purification of final product can be achieved. Mother liquor of Li2CO3 precipitation was concentrated by Li more than 50 times. Degree of lithium concentrate purification from Na and K was more than 5500 and 100,000 times, correspondingly.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

The spread of bacterial infections aggravated by the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics requires the creation of protective antibacterial materials. Nanomaterials with biocides can provide antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we synthesized nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles and different polyoxometalates of Keggin-structure (phosphomolybdic, phosphotungstic, and tungstosilicic acids) on eco-friendly nanoclay called halloysite. We found that the nanocomposite containing silver nanoparticles and phosphomolybdic acid deposited on the halloysite possesses the best antibacterial performance of all the obtained composites, having a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.5 g/L against S. aureus, 0.25 g/L against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. This composite reduces the viability of formed biofilms at a concentration of 2.5 g/L.

The explosive development of renewable energy in recent years is reshaping the geopolitical picture of the world. Solar panels and wind turbines have become the symbol of the new energy transition, while lithium-ion batteries have become its basis and the driver of development. It was lithium-ion batteries that made it possible to overcome the main problem of renewable energy – inconstancy and uncontrollability. The article highlights the lithium problem, the reasons for the volatility of lithium prices, the main sources of lithium and the difficulties of its production. In addition, the prospects of development of lithium industry in Russia and current domestic developments in lithium mining technology are considered.

The extraction of lithium from aqueous solutions of LiNTf2 and LiCl salts using benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) as an extractant in [C8mim][NTf2] ionic liquid was studied. The transition of the extractant into the aqueous phase and the distribution of Cl− ions during lithium extraction from LiCl solutions were determined. LiNTf2 complexes with B15C5 with different LiNTf2:B15C5 ratios were isolated for the first time and characterized via X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Differences in the extraction process of LiCl and LiNTf2 were determined via an infrared spectroscopic study of the extraction systems.

Russia enjoys large reserves of lithium, enabling it to fully meet the needs of the domestic market with the prospect of developing production of lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, unmanned systems, and portable electronics. Lithium mining is a complex process determined by the climate, the composition of the brine, and the effectiveness of available technologies. Today, Russian lithium extraction technologies are developing in two directions: sorption and extraction. The article, which is based on the materials of the report delivered at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on April 11, 2023, discusses general trends and prospects for improving lithium extraction methods, including liquid–liquid extraction and sorption.

The extraction of Li, Na, K perchlorates by the extraction system B15C5-CHCl3-H2O was studied in this work. It has been shown that the use of LiClO4 in extraction processes allows to prevent the accumulation of K+ in the extract and reduce the loss of the extractant. The dependences of the distribution coefficients of all three metals on temperature were established. It was found that, in contrast to the previously studied extraction systems with B15C5, lithium perchlorate is extracted as a complex with an atypical ratio of Li:crown ether = 1:2. The anhydrous complex [Li(B15C5)(ClO4)] and the aqueous complex [Li(B15C5)2(H2O)](ClO4) were isolated for the first time in crystalline form and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The isolated complexes and the lithium extract were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. A comparative analysis of these spectra made it possible to confirm the structure of not typical extracted lithium complex.

Alkyl esters (C3-C8) of salicylic acid (HL) together with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) were considered in order to find new lithium-selective extraction agents for liquid extraction. The hydrolytic stability of salicylic acid alkyl esters in lithium extraction processes from alkaline solutions was studied. Factors were found to reduce the hydrolysis of the extractant. Compositions of extractable alkali metals (Li, Na, K) complexes by a mixture of octyl ether of salicylic acid (HL8) with TOPO have been determined. The enthalpy values of the extraction reactions were calculated. Extraction isotherms were obtained and laboratory simulation of lithium extraction from alkaline multicomponent solutions using HL8-TOPO mixture as an extractant was performed.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение наукиИнститут неорганической химии им.А. В. Николаева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук

It was established that isopropyl salicylate can be used similarly to 1,3-diketones as a key component for a new efficient extraction system for selective separation of alkali metal cations. According to DFT modeling of complexes of isopropyl salicylate and 1,3-diketone with alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+), six-membered metallacycles are formed whose stability decreases along the series Li > Na > K, which results in the observed enhanced affinity to lithium. The extraction ability of isopropyl salicylate is manifested in the presence of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The newly obtained complexes of isopropyl salicylate with alkali metal cations as well as their extracts in a mixture with TOPO are characterized by means of FT-IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. The probable structure of the extracted lithium complex is presumed and the role of TOPO in the extraction process is investigated in detail. Extraction experiments showed extremely high separation coefficients for Li/Na and Li/K pairs in the extraction from a model multi-component solution.

The molecular and crystal structures of the title compound, C 8 H 4 F 5 NO, were examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The title compound was synthesized by a new method at the interface of aqueous solutions of LiOH and pentafluorophenylacetonitrile. In the crystal, hydrogen bonds and π–halogen interactions connect the molecules into double layers. Analysis of the Hirshfeld surface showed that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are made by F...F (30.4%), C...F/F...C (22.9%), O...H/H...O (14.9%), H...F/F...H (14.0%) and H...H (10.2%) contacts. The Hirshfeld surfaces of analogues of the title compound were compared and the effect of perfluorination on the crystal packing was shown.

Data on the extraction of lithium salts and the distribution of extractant in the LiX–H2O- benzo-15-crown-5–CHCl3 systems, where X– is Br–, $${\text{ClO}}_{4}^{ - },$$ and SCN–, have been first obtained in wide ranges of salt and extractant concentrations. The solubility of benzo-15-crown-5-ether in water in the temperature range 25–60°C and the isotherm of the distribution of crown ether between chloroform and water at room temperature have been determined.

Data on the extraction of lithium salts and the distribution of extractant in the LiX–H 2 O- benzo-15-crown-5–CHCl 3 systems, where X – is Br – , ClO_4^ - , and SCN – , have been first obtained in wide ranges of salt and extractant concentrations. The solubility of benzo-15-crown-5-ether in water in the temperature range 25–60°C and the isotherm of the distribution of crown ether between chloroform and water at room temperature have been determined.

Data on the extraction of lithium salts and the distribution of extractant in the LiX–H2O- benzo-15-crown-5–CHCl3 systems, where X– is Br–, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text{ClO}}_{4}^{ - },$$\end{document} and SCN–, have been first obtained in wide ranges of salt and extractant concentrations. The solubility of benzo-15-crown-5-ether in water in the temperature range 25–60°C and the isotherm of the distribution of crown ether between chloroform and water at room temperature have been determined.

A method is proposed for fabricating textured superhydrophobic surfaces of silicone rubber with mechanical resistance toward liquid or freezing aqueous solutions. The anti-icing characteristics of silicone rubber samples that differ in the wetting characteristics and mechanical stability of their micro- and nanotextures are derived by analyzing the delays in the freezing of supercooled sessile water drops deposited on the sample surface. The longest delay in freezings are observed for sessile water drops on superhydrophobic surfaces prepared by laser texturing with subsequent application of a layer of a hydrophobic agent to consolidate the textural elements. Delay in freezings can be as long as tens of hours on such surfaces at T = −18°C. The prepared superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit greater anti-icing ability with respect to aqueous salt solutions than to deionized water.