A method for producing a composite sorbent with a honeycomb structure (a system of parallel directed permeable pores) for capturing platinum aerosols in high-temperature catalytic processes is proposed. The composite sorbent is prepared from cordierite ceramics with the addition of active calcium oxide. The calcium oxide precursor is introduced into the molding mass as calcium carbonate powder or by impregnating the matrix material with a solution of calcium nitrate. The mechanism of synthesis of the composite sorbent is investigated. Its physicochemical properties are given. Pilot tests of composite sorbents in an industrial reactor have shown its resistance to technological conditions of ammonia conversion and the ability to capture platinum catalyst aerosols.

The properties of spent cracking catalyst samples from various refineries are studied. The recycling of spent cracking catalysts to produce ceramic products, namely to manufacture electrical porcelain and fireclay refractories, is justified. The technology for products of subgroup 110 is developed and can be based on the existing technological scheme and equipment. Cracking catalyst wastes (10 – 15 wt.

A method for producing a block vanadium catalyst for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide has been studied, which includes the stage of preparing a honeycomb structure framework based on silica raw materials in the form of white soot, followed by applying a substrate in the form of amorphous silicon dioxide and an active component to the surface of the channels. Data on the structural and mechanical properties of the honeycomb catalyst paste have been obtained. A mode of heat treatment of molded products with the production of mechanically strong blocks as carriers of the vanadium catalyst is proposed. Information about the performance of a block vanadium catalyst in comparison with an industrial catalyst of a granular form is given. Ill. 4. Ref. 14. Tab. 1.

A method for producing block vanadium catalyst for oxidation of sulfur dioxide is studied, which includes a stage of preparing a honeycomb structure framework based upon silica raw material in the form of white soot, followed by applying a substrate in the form of amorphous silicon dioxide and an active component to the surface of channels. Data for structural and mechanical properties of the honeycomb catalyst paste are obtained. Aheat treatment regime for molded products with production of mechanically strong blocks as carriers of vanadium catalyst is proposed. Information about the performance of a block vanadium catalyst compared with an industrial catalyst of a granular form is provided.

Copper-containing silica catalysts are compared with an industrial K-CO mixed-type catalyst for dehydrogenation of cyclic alcohols, in particular, c-hexanol. The phenomenon of chemical binding of active component precursor in the form of basic copper carbonate with a silica carrier (white carbon black) with its introduction into the carrier structure is confirmed. According to kinetic data, thermal stability of synthesized catalyst with a fixed nanostructured active component is 18 – 20

A method for treating waste water containing organic pollutants, including adsorption, membrane concentration and supercritical water oxidation of the concentrate, is developed. It is shown that the introduction of crushed plant waste into wastewater as sorbents makes it possible to stabilize the process of membrane concentration. The parameters of the obtained filtrate and the concentrate oxidized in supercritical water comply with the sanitary standards for discharge into the sewage system.

The characteristics of boehmite nanopowders prepared by re-precipitation of aluminum trihydroxide, a sol-gel method by aluminum alkoxide hydrolysis, and hydrothermal synthesis from industrial aluminum powders are investigated. Boehmite nanopowder preparation method has a decisive effect on structure, dispersion, chemical and phase composition, and production properties. It is shown that when preparing products with specified parameters it is necessary to consider the difference in the effect of boehmite nanopowder on functional properties. Examples of the use of boehmite nanopowder from different producers in ceramic and catalyst technologies are provided.

The study investigates the properties of industrial-scale supported copper-containing catalysts, H3-11 and MAK-K, in the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol. These catalysts differ in the mechanism employed for the active component’s immobilization on a silica support: physically bound in the former case and chemically bound in the latter. Within set ranges of temperatures and space velocities (200–250°C, 0.5–2.0 h–1), data were obtained on the conversion rates and selectivity values provided by both catalysts, as well as on corresponding variations in by-product compositions. The trends for both catalysts were found to be similar. The kinetic data were processed using an equation previously suggested for a mixed copper-magnesium catalyst. This equation was confirmed to be able to describe kinetic experiments on the catalysts under study, regardless of the preparation method of a copper-containing catalyst and of the binding mechanism used for the supported active component. Macrokinetic properties were calculated for an industrial-scale reaction mixture and catalyst grain size.

Using the example of the CAS ‒ C ceramic copper-aluminumsiliceous catalyst for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone in the production of urea, the rheological and mechanical properties of the copper-containing aluminumsiliceous plastic mass depending on its composition are studied. The data on the influence of technological and structural conditions for molding the mass in a screw press on the performance of extrudable ceramic billets are presented. The revealed features in the behavior of the moldable plastic mass are explained by differences in the surface properties of silica particles interacting with the precursor of the active component at the stage of catalyst synthesis. The composition of the molding mass and the extrusion regimes on screw extruders are established, which ensure the output of high-quality and mechanically strong ceramic billets (extrudates).

The reported data relate to the influence of the nature of the aluminosilica support and of the temperature of its treatment with the ammoniaccarbonate solution containing ammoniac-carbonate complex of copper on the specific surface area, chemical and phase composition of the precursor of the active component and on the properties of copper-containing catalyst for dedhydrogenation of cyclohexanol. Elevation of the treatment temperature of amorphous silica (white carbon) with the ammoniac-carbonate solution results in an increase in the proportion of the chemically anchored precursor up to its complete bonding to the support to form the immobilized phase. A higher thermostability of the catalyst supported on white carbon with boehmite compared to the catalysts supported on pyrogenous silica is demonstrated.

We study the influence of composition and technological conditions on the synthesis of cordierite ceramics from raw materials with origin in the Russian Federation. The structure, porosity, density, and basic thermomechanical properties of cordierite ceramics are investigated with the use of the x-ray phase diffraction and petrographic analyses. Under the industrial conditions, we produced a material containing 85 – 87 wt.% of cordierite and satisfying the requirements to the production of large-size details of catalysts.

Advances in volumetric thermal expansion in-line with complex physicochemical investigation allowed to introduce and rigorously test novel inexpensive transition metal oxide-based catalysts with varying shapes, which proved valuable against toxic compounds of flue and exhaust gases of various origin. Since the investigated processes can be described with high confidence by well-known diffusion models, the possibility of mathematical prediction of the structure and composition of the proposed catalysts is considered. The target product should be suitable for loading into different types of reactors and have a number of competitive advantages over the known commercial catalysts for gas purification, which are based on noble and rare metals. The possibility of eliminating the chemical, structural and phase history of the starting compounds by means of controlled synthesis to improve the consumer characteristics of the product is investigated. The advantages of the obtained molded catalysts are high activity and selectivity in combination with an increased life cycle and low hydraulic resistance in the catalytic bed.

Main characteristics of currently used industrial catalysts and an innovative catalyst MAK-K for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol were compared. Main attention was paid to comparison of the activity and selectivity of MAK-K and the best catalyst H3-11 (BASF) at 220–270 °C and feed flow rate of 0.6–1.3 h–1. Similar behaviors were characteristic of both catalysts, the use of MAK-K being preferable at lower temperatures and higher feed flow rates. The MAK-K catalyst manufactured by LLC «NIAP-KATALIZATOR» was tested. The catalyst (1.4 m3) was loaded to a reactor for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol at Shchekinoazot Co. and employed for more than 2000 h to demonstrate its high activity and selectivity. The catalyst was competitive against all the samples under study.

The influence exerted by the synthesis conditions and composition of a copper-containing nanostructured catalyst for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation on its textural characteristics, activity, and thermal stability was studied. The content of copper in the hydroxocarbonate form and the textural characteristics of the catalyst increase with increasing temperature of the precursor deposition onto the support. The presence of aluminum oxide in the system enhances the thermal stability of the catalyst. High activity, selectivity, and thermal stability of the catalyst obtained allow recommending it for commercial production as an alternative to the imported catalyst.

The effect of the hydrodynamic regime in the stirring of a copper carbonate–ammonia suspension containing an alumina–silica support on the chemical and phase composition of an active component (AC) precursor for a catalyst of cyclohexanol dehydrogenation to cyclohexanone is studied. By means of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and adsorption, the precursor is found to precipitate in a developed turbulent regime, predominantly in the form of nanostructured hydroxocarbonate structures strongly bonded to the support. Some catalytic and textural properties of CAS-C (copper–alumina–silica for caprolactam) samples are studied with AC contents of 20 to 30 wt % (on a copper oxide basis). The laboratory technology is scaled up to industrial conditions. CAS-C samples and commercial H3-11 catalyst (BASF) are subjected to catalytic tests (in a flow-type reactor with a fixed catalyst bed 40 cm3 in volume at a temperature of 250°C and atmospheric pressure). The CAS-C catalyst is shown to be similar to the H3-11 catalyst in terms of selectivity, and to considerably surpass it in activity and thermal stability.

The influence of hydrodynamic mode of mixing a copper-ammonium-carbonate slurry containing aluminosilica support on the chemical and phase composition of the active component (AC) precursor of the catalyst for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol in the production of caprolactam was studied. XPS, DTA and adsorption techniques were used to establish that, under conditions of the advanced turbulent mode, the precursor is mainly deposited in the form of nanostructured hydroxocarbonates anchored tightly to the support. The lab-scale technology was scaled-up to industrial level. Properties of the new copper catalyst were studied to reveal that it is not inferior in the selectivity to the best known industrial (commercial) catalysts, but superior to them in the activity and thermostability.