Currently, renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, the main treatment method of which is surgery. However, surgical treatment in some cases may be accompanied by deterioration of renal function, which dictates the need to search for alternative treatment methods. This review examines the possibilities of a minimally invasive, radiosurgical procedure - transarterial embolization of the renal arteries in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Options for performing this procedure and indications for them are given, the results of using transarterial embolization of the renal arteries for renal cell carcinoma are analyzed, and possible complications are described. The advantages of the method are indicated. The need for further large-scale scientific research devoted to studying the effectiveness and safety of transarterial embolization of the renal artery for renal cell carcinoma is urgent.

Aim. To develop a model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in rats by embolization of the pulmonary vascular bed with microencapsulated fibrin (MF).Materials and methods. Microencapsulated fibrin (MF) was prepared by encapsulating fibrin particles smaller than 71 μm in sodium alginate. Non-encapsulated fibrin with a particle size of 71–200 µm was used as an alternative embolic particle. Modeling was performed on male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Intact (INT) animals (n = 7) were administered normal saline intravenously. In the NF8 group (n = 14), non-encapsulated fibrin was injected as embolic particles 8 times every 4 days. In the MF5 group (n = 14), 0.5 ml MF (9,047 ± 430 particles) was administered intravenously 5 times every 5 days. In the MF8 group (n = 14), MF was administered 8 times every 4 days. Six weeks after the last injection of embolic particles, cardiac catheterization with manometry and histologic examination of the lungs were performed.Results. According to cardiac catheterization, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in the MF8 group was significantly higher compared to rats from the INT and NF8 groups (p < 0.05). The hypertrophy index and the percentage of collagen fibers in the structure of the vascular wall of the pulmonary artery branches were significantly higher in the MF5 and MF8 groups than in the INT and NF8 groups (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the MF5 and MF8 groups.Conclusion. A representative CTEPH model in rats was developed, characterized by a stable increase in RVSP and pronounced structural changes in the branches of the pulmonary artery.

Numerous studies indicate a decrease in overall survival among cancer patients who have developed thromboembolic complications. The article presents a review of literature on thromboembolic complications in patients with kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer. The analysis of publications indicates a variety of risk factors and heterogeneous frequency of thromboembolism in patients with malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary system. Prevention of thromboembolism is carried out at all stages of treatment: outpatient, after surgery, during chemotherapy, but is accompanied by a fairly high risk of hemorrhagic complications and recurrences. Direct oral anticoagulants are an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparin for prevention of cancer-associated thromboembolism due to their convenience, efficacy and safety for most patients. An important task is to select patients for primary thromboprophylaxis based on stratification of the risk of thromboembolic complications using prognostic scales.

Lung transplantation (LT) is the only treatment for many end-stage lung diseases. Despite significant progress in transplantology and surgery, LT remains a high-tech surgical procedure performed at select research centers. Primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction are serious problems that can worsen lung transplant outcomes significantly. Using animal models in experimental studies to investigate these pathologic conditions is one of the more rational approaches. A literature review was conducted in order to select a suitable model that reproduces pathologic processes developing after LT. The literature was searched and ana- lyzed in MEDLINE and Elibrary databases, and the US National Institute of Health guidelines for the period up to December 2023 were reviewed. It was found that the most frequently used models are small laboratory animal models (without LT) and large animal models (with LT).

High mortality from cardiovascular diseases, due to the low regenerative potential of the myocardium, requires the search for new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiac patients.Aim of the present work was to assess the regenerative potential of myocardial cells in cardiac surgery patients of middle and older age. Materials and methodsThe biopsy samples of the myocardial auricles were destroyed by enzyme technique.Confocal microscopy was performed on cells cultivated in the primary culture and on a suspension of fixed cells.In addition, histological and electron microscopic studies of myocardial biopsies were performed. ResultsRegenerative ability of cardiac cells was estimated by the presence of cardiac stem cells (CSCs), their progeny, transitory amplifying cells (TACs) inside the colonies, as well as by the presence of "cell-in-cell structures" (CICSs), which were found in each biopsy sample.In this study, in vitro experiments demonstrated the release of TACs from the vacuoles of non-encapsulated CICSs of the heart auricles of cardiac patients. ConclusionThe data obtained enable us to evaluate the level of cardiomyogenesis in each individual patient.Moreover, they open up prospects for the possible use of in vitro expanded autologous TACs as a cell product for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Nephrolithiasis in a transplanted kidney is an important medical and social problem. The presence of renal calculi may not manifest clinically for a long time due to the peculiarities of the surgical intervention during organ transplantation. Development of chronic urinary tract infection and deterioration of the functional ability of the renal transplant in the presence of kidney stones can lead to graft death, which is an immediate threat to the patient's life. Existing Russian guidelines on the treatment of urolithiasis currently lack a clear strategy for the management of kidney transplant recipients. Objective: to systematize literature data on analysis of the outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and other methods in patients with post-transplant kidney stones. Results. Thirty-five publications on the research topic were selected. We summarized the information on various therapy options for patients with stones in transplanted kidney: endourological approach, ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), open surgical treatment (nephrostomy, pyelolithotomy). A modern foreign algorithm for the management of patients with post-transplant kidney stones depending on the severity of obstruction with sepsis and the size of the renal calculi is presented. Conclusion. 1. The presence of stones in a kidney graft is a clinical situation that requires surgical treatment. 2. In clinical practice, different methods of treatment can be used, such as open intervention, ESWL, PCNL, retrograde transurethral manipulations. 3. In most cases, patient management tactics depend on the clinical picture (presence/absence of obstruction) and the size of the calculi. 4. The use of ESWL, as the most frequently used method, testifies to its efficiency and low-traumatic effect.

Background . Currently, kidney cancer remains one of the most common oncourological diseases with relatively high mortality rate. Aim . To study the main epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms of the kidney in various regions of Russia and Saint Petersburg. Materials and methods . Based on the data from the Department of Medical Statistics of Tumor Diseases of the Medical Information and Analytical Center, the epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms of the kidney for the period between 2016 and 2021 in Russia, individual Federal Districts of the country and Saint Petersburg were analyzed. Results . Despite the increase in the prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the kidney, medical oncological care for the population is at an appropriate level. Most cases of the disease are diagnosed at early stages, there is a decrease in patient mortality rates and an increase in 5-year survival, which indicates the effectiveness of ongoing anticancer measures. In a number of Federal Districts, a number of indicators showed a negative trend compared to the all-Russia data, which requires close attention. Conclusion . The analysis of statistical data of patients with malignant neoplasms of the kidney can be used to optimize the algorithms for diagnosing and treating this category of patients, as well as to improve oncological care for the population.

The metabolic needs of the brain largely depend on the intensity of the functioning of its various departments, which requires constant regulation of the level of local blood flow. The importance of accurate and timely regulation of cerebral blood flow is enhanced by the lack of substrate stores for autonomous energy production in nervous tissue. In this case, the state of systemic hemodynamics can have a significant effect on organ blood flow. At the same time, given the significant importance of the central nervous system in providing all physiological processes, the regulation of organ cerebral blood flow is aimed at minimizing the possible adverse consequences of the influence of disorders of systemic hemodynamics. In this regard, the regulation of cerebral blood flow is based on multiple and complex physiological mechanisms at various levels. The basic level of regulation of cerebral blood flow is myogenic response, which provides the phenomenon of autoregulation of blood flow in the brain. The review focuses on the physiological mechanisms underlying myogenic regulation as well as the change in this regulation in various diseases.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) develops in 1.5-2.0% of patients experiencing pulmonary embolism (PE) and is characterized by stable pulmonary artery obstruction, heart failure, and poor prognosis. Little is known about involvement of autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the mechanisms of CTEPH. This study was aimed at evaluation of the effect of vagal and sympathetic denervation, as well as stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, on the outcomes of CTEPH in rats. CTEPH was induced by multiple intravenous injections of alginate microspheres. Sympathetic and vagal denervation was performed using unilateral surgical ablation of the stellate ganglion and vagotomy, respectively. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system was carried out by administering pyridostigmine. The effect of neuromodulatory effects was assessed in terms of hemodynamics, histology, and gene expression. The results demonstrated the key role of ANS in the development of CTEPH. Sympathetic denervation as well as parasympathetic stimulation resulted in attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling. These salutary changes were associated with altered MMP2 and TIMP1 expression in the lung and decreased FGFb level in the blood. Unilateral vagotomy had no effect on physiological and morphological outcomes of the study. The data obtained contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for CTEPH treatment.

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation The paper presents a comparative assessment of different methods of treating symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent kidney transplantation (KT).

The in silico modelling of peptides complementary to lactoferrin was carried out using the Protein 3D software package and replication of the natural bonding site between pneumococcal surface protein (PSP) and lactoferrin (LF). The modeling was based on analysis of the conjugated ion–hydrogen bond systems between these proteins (CIHBS). The oligopeptide EEVAPQAQAKIAELENQVHRLE was proposed via computer modelling and synthesized using the solid phase synthesis technique, purified, and analyzed with MS and HPLC methods to confirm >95% purity. The peptide was then studied by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The CE experiments demonstrated the split of peptide zone in the presence of LF, due to complex formation and subsequent mobility change of the system peptide-protein. The reference experiments with homomyeloperoxidase and myoglobin did not show binding with LETI-11.

Worldwide, prostate cancer has remained one of the most common malignant neoplasms among men and it is accompanied by high mortality rates. Standard methods for diagnosing prostate cancer have limited sensitivity and specificity, unnecessary biopsies are often performed, and the risk of overdiagnosis of the disease and overtreatment of patients is high. The review considers diagnostic and prognostic biological markers of prostate cancer proposed in recent years. Theoretical foundations for the use of new biomarkers are analyzed. The characteristics and practical significance of biomarkers of various groups (immunohistochemical, molecular and genetic, prostate specific antigen-associated, volatile organic metabolites) are presented. The need for further large-scale scientific research in the field of biomarker application in prostate cancer, criteria for their selection and evaluation are described. The introduction of modern diagnostic and prognostic markers into real clinical practice opens up new opportunities for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis, individual prognosis, and rationalization of treatment strategy.

Background . Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in the male population worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. Aim . To study the main medial statistical indicators of prostate cancer in Saint Petersburg and other regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . The epidemiological indicators of prostate cancer for 2012-2021 in the Russian Federation, individual federal districts and Saint Petersburg were analyzed. Results . The prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the prostate has increased in recent years. At the same time, the number of cases of early-stage disease diagnosis has increased, one-year mortality has decreased, and 5-year survival has increased, which indicates proper quality of oncological care for the population. In some federal districts, unstable or negative dynamics of indicators compared to the average Russian data are observed, which requires further analysis. Conclusion . Evaluation of statistical measures of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the prostate gland can be used to improve diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic tactics for this pathology.

Background. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most common neoplasias in this group. The incidence and mortality rates of the population from bladder cancer differ significantly in different geographical regions of Russia. Aim. To assess the main epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in residents of Saint Petersburg and the regions of Russia. Materials and methods. The main epidemiological indicators of malignant bladder neoplasms in Saint Petersburg, Russia and individual federal districts for the period 2012–2021 were studied: crude and standardized rates of morbidity, mortality, prevalence, age structure of patients, the number of cases of diagnosis of the disease at various stages, indicators of one-year mortality and 5-year survival, data on completed cases of treatment of bladder neoplasms. Sources of information: Form No. 7 “Information on cases of malignant diseases” and the database of the Medical Information and Analytical Center (Saint Petersburg). Results. During the period 2012–2021 in Russia, there was an increase in the incidence and prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the bladder. At the same time, mortality rates decreased, and 5-year survival rates increased. This fact indicates the effectiveness of the treatment of patients in this category. In more than 50 % of cases, the disease was detected at stage I of the pathological process, which is due to the proper level of diagnosis. The main medical and statistical indicators in patients with malignant bladder neoplasms in Saint Petersburg are comparable to the average Russian data, and in a number of parameters they exceed them. Conclusion. Oncourological assistance to the population with malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg is provided properly. The study of medical and statistical indicators in dynamics can be used to improve the algorithms of medical and diagnostic care for cancer patients.

Открытая или лапароскопическая резекция почки при хирургическом лечении локализованной формы почечноклеточного рака часто сопряжена с введением почки в условия тепловой ишемии. Применение ТИП позволяет предотвратить развитие паренхиматозного кровотечения, оптимизировать условия оперирования, существенно повысить эффективность гемостаза. Однако вероятность ишемически-гипоксического повреждения сохраняемой части почечной ткани и нарушения почечной функции в послеоперационном периоде являются важными проблемами тепловой ишемии почки. Цель исследования: оценка результатов применения фумарата натрия, фуросемида и маннитола на начало и исход тепловой ишемии почек на экспериментальной модели 30- или 60-минутной тепловой ишемии почки у кроликов. Материалы и методы. Экспериментальное исследование выполнено на 360 конвенциональных кроликах-самцах породы «Шиншилла» массой тела 2,6±0,3 кг, которые были разделены на 10 групп. Контрольная группа №1 состояла из интактных животных, в контрольную группу №2 входили кролики, которых оперировали без пережатия почечной артерии. Животным из рабочих групп (№3-№10) создавали экспериментальную модель 30- или 60-минутной ТИП. В группах №3 и №4 медикаментозное сопровождение не предусматривалось. Остальные кролики тепловое обескровливание почки переносили на фоне действия фумарата натрия (группы №5 и №6 - 1,5 мл/кг в/в), лазикса (группы №7 и №8 - 3,0 мг/кг в/в) и маннитола (№9 и №10 - 1,0 г/кг в/в). Изучалось влияние ТИП на ультраструктуру почечной ткани и уровни содержания в крови и в моче NGAL, цистатина-С и креатинина. Результаты. После экспериментальной некорригированной 30-минутной ТИП у подопытных животных выявляются набухание и отек конечной части микроворсин эпителия проксимальных канальцев, увеличение в гиалоплазме эпителиоцитов численности лизосом, появление в просветах дистальных канальцев и собирательных трубочек хлопьевидного содержимого средней электронной плотности, а также резкое (пикообразное) повышение содержания в крови и в моче NGAL и цистатина-С. Увеличение продолжительности обескровливания до 60 минут сопровождается возрастанием степени тяжести и масштабов отмеченных нарушений. В группах, где применялись фумарат натрия, лазикс и маннитол, отмеченные ультраструктурные нарушения были выражены в меньшей степени, однако лучшую нефропротективную активность проявлял фумарат натрия. На фоне действия маннитола выраженность отмеченных расстройств была меньшей, чем в группе, где применение маннитола, лазикса или фумарата натрия не предусматривалось. Лазикс и натриевая соль фумаровой кислоты проявляли более высокую нефропротекторную активность. Наилучшие результаты были получены у животных, защищенных фумаратом натрия. Выводы. Фумарат натрия оказал наибольщее нефропротекторное действие в отношении ишемии почки у кроликов, затем фуросемид, в то время как маннитол – наименьшее. Применение фумарата натрия позволяет максимально эффективно защищать и стимулировать почечную ткань во время тепловой ишемии почки. While performing surgical treatment of the localized form of renal cell cancer by means of open or laparoscopic kidney resection, renal warm ischemia (RWI) is becoming the necessary aspect of the intervention. Using RWI allows to prevent parenchymal bleeding, to optimize operative conditions, to increase significantly the efficiency of hemostasis. However, an important problem is the probability of ischemic hypoxic damage of the secured part of the kidney tissue during RWI and renal functional impairment in the postoperative period. Aim of the study – comparative study of nephroprotective activity of sodium fumarate, mannitole and furosemide using experimental model of 30- and 60-minute renal warm ischemia in rabbits. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 360 conventional male-rabbits of the “Chinchilla” breed weighed 2,6±0,3 kg which were allocated into 10 groups. The control group №1 included intact animals, the control group №2 included the rabbits that were operated without clamping the renal artery. For the animals from the trial groups (№3-№10) the experimental model of 30- and 60-minute RWI was developed. In groups №3 and №4 medication was not provided. Other rabbits endured renal warm exsanguination against the background of sodium fumarate (groups №5 and №6 - 1,5 ml/kg IV), lasix (groups №7 and №8 - 3,0 mg/kg IV) and mannitole (№9 and №10 - 1,0 g/kg IV). The influence of RWI on the renal tissue ultrastructure and the levels of NGAL, Cystatin-C and creatinine in blood and urine were studied. Results. Experimental pharmacologically non-corrected 30-minute RWI in trial animals induced swelling and edema of the final part of microvilli of the proximal tubules epithelium, increase of lysosome number in the hyaloplasm of epithelial cells, appearance of flaky content of medium electronic density in the lumens of distal tubules and collecting tubes, as well as sharp peak-like increase of NGAL and cystatin-C in blood and urine. Increasing the time of exsanguination up to 60 minutes was accompanied by the growth of severity and range of the observed disorder. In groups where sodium fumarate, lasix and mannitole were used the observed ultrastructural disturbances were expressed to lesser extent, whereas sodium fumarate demonstrated the best nephroprotective activity. In case of using mannitole the intensity of the observed disturbances was less than in the groups where mannitole, lasix or sodium fumarate were not provided. Lasix and sodium salt of fumaric acid showed a higher nephroprotective activity. The best results were received in the animals protected by sodium fumarate. Conclusions. The studied medications provided a nephroprotective effect regarding renal ischemia of rabbits, sodium fumarate in the greatest degree, furosemide – less and mannitole – the least. Use of sodium fumarate allows to protect and stimulate the kidney tissue maximum effectively during oxygen deprivation of the ischemized organ.

The development of acute renal injury is due to a number of factors both on the part of the patient (age, concomitant pathology, objective status) and the oncological process (stage of the disease, localization, volume of surgical intervention, access, etc.). Acute renal injury in patients with kidney cancer after surgical treatment may be accompanied by the development of early (hyperhydration, electrolyte balance disorders, hyperkalemia, acid‑base condition disorders, uremic intoxication) and late chronic kidney disease complications. The incidence of these complications increases with an increase in the volume of kidney resection, as a result of which it is important to take into account risk factors, timely diagnosis of the degree of kidney damage and medical measures aimed at restoring kidney function. Currently, the possibility of using various molecules as early markers of kidney damage, which help not only assess the presence of kidney damage, but also localize it, is being studied. For example, albumin, serum cystatin C, alpha 1‑microglobulin, P2‑microglobulin – markers of glomerular damage, NGAL, KIM‑1; L‑FABP, urine cystatin‑C, IL‑18 – reflect damage to the proximal tubule, GST, NGAL – distal tubule, calibindin D28 ‑ characterizes damage to the collecting duct, osteopontin, NHE‑3 – are associated with damage to the loop of Henle. Measures of a curative and preventive nature (infusion therapy, anti‑ischemic protection, modulation of ferroptosis, renal replacement therapy), as well as dynamic monitoring of the main biomarkers of renal damage are aimed at preventing the persistence of the pathological process with a possible outcome into chronic kidney disease, which is especially undesirable in patients with single kidney cancer. The main directions of medical and preventive measures in patients with acute kidney injury should be considered: 1) the fastest possible elimination or minimization of the effect of tumor tissue; 2) control and correction of life‑threatening complications of renal dysfunction (hyperhydration, electrolyte balance disorders (hyperkalemia), acid‑base state, uremic intoxication). Methods of anti‑ischemic protection include a number of surgical techniques aimed at 1) minimizing ischemia time, 2) reducing the intensity of volatile metabolic processes in the kidney, 3) training renal parenchyma for hypoxic conditions (receiving ischemic preconditioning). Duration of renal ischemia represents an important modifiable factor affecting early and distant renal function in surgically exposed patients. The article analyzes modern scientific data on the problem of postoperative acute kidney injury in renal cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Renal cell cancer is accompanied by the development of a disorder of renal function. The parameters of homeostasis after nephrectomy in renal cell cancer are not well understood. AIM: The aim of the study is to compare the kidney functional status and parameters of homeostasis in patients with RCC after nephrectomy performed by open and laparoscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with renal cell cancer Т3N0M0 were randomized according to the surgery into the comparison group with open nephrectomy (n = 40; 50,1 3,4 years old; 18 males, 22 females) and the main group with laparoscopic nephrectomy (n = 40; 52,4 5,1 years old; 16 males, 24 females). The control group was comprises from twenty subjects without urological pathology, 2258 years old, 10 males, 10 females. Laboratory parameters of endotoxicosis, lipid peroxidation, kidney functional status, partial kidney functions, and urinary syndrome were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 10th days after the surgery. RESULTS: The early postoperative period of nephrectomy in renal cell cancer is accompanied by the development of endotoxicosis, activation of lipid peroxidation, deterioration of the functional state of the remaining kidney, and the formation of chronic kidney disease. At the same time, both systemic indicators (toxicity index, as well as concentrations of medium-weight molecules, diene conjugates, malondialdehyde), and renal parameters (glomerular filtration rate, albumin-creatinine ratio) are associated with the method of surgery: with a laparoscopic approach, changes in these indicators are reversible and less pronounced than with open nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the advantage of laparoscopic nephrectomy compared to open nephrectomy in patients with renal cell cancer.

Introduction. Warm renal ischemia (WRI) is used during the organ-preserving surgery of localized renal cell carcinoma to reduce blood loss, improve the imaging quality, facilitate both accessing the cavitary system and suturing the parenchyma. However, WRI can lead to the ischemic reperfusion injury of the preserved nephrons. Superselective embolization (SSE) of the tumor-feeding branch of renal artery is currently being considered as the alternative method of intraoperative hemostasis. Aim. To evaluate the results of organ-preserving surgery of localized kidney cancer in the conditions of SSE. Materials and methods. Three patients who had undergone laparoscopic kidney resection (LKR) with SSE were included in the study. Parameters for assessment were as follows: surgery duration, surgery workflow, intraoperative blood loss volume, the degree of radical surgery according to the histological data, the presence of postoperative complications, and the duration of hospitalization. Results. Compared with the LKR with WRI (n=78, data from a previous own study), the features of the LRK with SSE (n=3) were as follows: 1) the same surgery duration; 2) three times less intraoperative blood loss; 3) the absence of infectious and inflammatory complications; 4) comparable duration of hospitalization. Also, additional advantages of the LKR with SSE were described: 1) the radicality of surgery; 2) the absence of the risk of renal pedicle injury; 3) the absence of the risk of ischemic reperfusion alteration of the preserved renal tissue. Conclusion. Preliminary SSE of the tumor-feeding branch of renal artery may improve functional results of the organ-preserving surgery of localized kidney cancer via reducing the intraoperative blood loss, exclusion the possibility of renal pedicle injury, and provision of the functional activity of the preserved nephrons.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is regarded as the most effective therapeutic approach for people with end-stage renal disease. However, for a number of reasons - constant increase in the incidence of diseases contributing to formation and development of chronic kidney disease, as well as continuing shortage of donor organs - 78-95% of patients in need of a kidney transplant do not receive the necessary treatment, and the waiting list stretches for several years. This paper presents the first outcomes of KT for chronic glomerulonephritis performed at St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital in St. Petersburg, in collaboration with the staff of Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs.

Introduction. The three-dimensional (3D) imaging during laparoscopic procedures can improve the quality of that surgeries. There is a shortage of publications about the potential benefits of 3D navigation in laparoscopic surgery with urological diseases. Radical prostatectomy (RPE) is known as the gold standard of treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC), and investigation of imaging technologies in laparoscopic surgery in PC patients is a hot topic. Aim. To compare the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic RPE performed with 3D and two-dimensional (2D) imaging. Materials and methods. We performed retrospective analysis of perioperative outcomes in 146 patients who had undergone radical surgery with localized PC. All the patients were divided into 4 groups by the surgery features: 1) 2D imaging with the technique for neurovascular bundles preservation (TNVBP) (n=52); 2) 2D without TNVBP (n=46); 3) 3D with TNVBP (n=23); 4) 3D without TNVBP (n=25). We assessed operative time, intraoperative blood loss volume (IBLV), duration of the bladder drainage, positive surgical margin (PSM) detection rate, duration of the postoperative inpatient period, urinary continence recovery rate, erectile function recovery (EFR) rate. Results and discussion. In groups 1, 2, 3, 4 the operative time was 171,4±21,1, 168,3±23,2, 98,7±17,3, 92,2±22,2 min, and the IBLV was 294,2±62,1, 281,2±53,2, 144,2±31,7, 148,5±33,0 mL, respectively. PSM detection rate was 1,92±0,11%, 2,17±0,04% in groups 1, 2, while PSM had not been detected in groups 3, 4. In all the participants, duration of the bladder drainage was 5–7 days, and the full recovery of urinary continence was detected at both 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The postoperative inpatient period was 8–10 days in groups 1, 2, and 8–9 days in groups 3, 4. The EFR at 3 months after the surgery was detected in 38,4%, 28,3%, 34.8%, 28.0% of patients, while at 12 months it was detected in 59,6%, 41,3%, 82,6%, 56,0% of patients in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. Conclusion. We revealed the following features of perioperative period of laparoscopic RPE performed with 3D imaging compared to 2D: 1) the operative time was reduced by 42–45% (р<0,05); 2) the IBLV was reduced by 47–51% (р<0,05); 3) the PSM had not been detected; 4) there was the tendency to the shorter postoperative inpatient period; 5) the EFR rate was increased by 1,3–1,4 times (р<0,05), and the best EFR outcomes were obtained via 3D imaging together with TNVBP. Thus, our study demonstrates the advisability of usage of both 3D imaging and TNVBP during the laparoscopic RPE.