Optimal nutrition, balanced in calories and containing all essential nutrients in adequate amounts, is an important condition for the proper fetus development and pregnancy complications prevention. Vitamins and minerals play an essential role in the regulation of metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, growth and development of the fetus. They also affect the mother’s body, preventing the development of pregnancy-related diseases. Despite the obvious need for vitamins and minerals for the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus, questions remain about the advisability of additional intake of certain micronutrients and their dosages during pregnancy. Our article is devoted to the analysis of recent data on the intake of vitamins A, D, folic acid, iron, calcium and magnesium during pregnancy and their effect on the fetus and mother.

The papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) is tree-like fruit plant cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics. The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties, fatty acid, sterols, and triterpenic alcohols composition of Carica papaya L. seed oils grown in a typical geographical location and Carica papaya L. seed oils grown in an untypical geographical location in greenhouse conditions (Saratov Region, Russia). The oils were extracted from the seeds of Carica papaya L. fruits collected in Kenya, the Dominican Republic, Angola, Ghana, and Brazil, as well as from the seeds of fruit plants grown in a similar environment (Russian Federation, Saratov). Parameters such as the oil yield, refractive index, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, and acid value of the extracted Carica papaya L. seed oils were determined. The qualitative and quantitative chemical compositions of the seed oils were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The profiles as well as the content of fatty acids, sterols, triterpenic alcohols, and benzyl isothiocyanate were established. The saponifiable fraction of the oils is mainly represented by triglycerides (98.7–99.4%), while di-(0.4–1.1%) and monoglycerides (0.1–0.3%) are also present but in smaller amounts. The content of sterols and triterpene alcohols was (537.5–918.2) mg/100 g of oil (0.54–0.92%), and up to 75% of the fraction was represented by β-sitosterol (55.9–66.7%) and its saturated analogue-sitostanol (11.0–15.7%). The physicochemical properties and the fatty acid, sterol, and triterpenic alcohol composition of seed oils from Carica papaya L. fruits, cultivated in Russia, is in the quantitative range of other samples, which suggests that Carica papaya L. can be grown in Russia for obtaining the seed oil.

Liver steatosis is a key pathology in non-alcoholic or metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Though largely ignored for decades it is currently becoming the focus of research in hepatology. It is important to consider its origin and current opportunities in terms of pharmacotherapy. Essential phospholipids (EPLs) rich in phosphatidylcholine (PCH) is a widely used treatment option for fatty liver disease, and there is a solid amount of consistent clinical evidence for the regression of steatosis after treatment with EPLs. As knowledge of PCH (a key component of EPLs) pharmacodynamics and mode of action driving this widely observed clinical effect is currently insufficient, we aimed to explore the potential molecular and metabolic pathways involved in the positive effects of PCH on steatosis regression.

Background An accumulating body of literature indicates that magnesium deficiency is associated with a number of hormone-related conditions (HRC) in women, and epidemiological studies are needed to assess its prevalence and risk factors. Here, we present a secondary analysis of data pooled from four large observational studies that assessed magnesium deficiency among pregnant women and women with HRC across the Russian Federation. Methods The main objective of this analysis was to estimate the prevalence of magnesium deficiency in this population and to describe risk factors and comorbidities associated with low serum magnesium. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors and comorbid conditions associated with an increased risk of low serum magnesium level. Results A total of 983 pregnant women and 9444 women with HRC were eligible for analysis. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia (magnesium serum level cut-off < 0.66 mmol/L/< 0.8 mmol/L) was 34.0%/78.9% in pregnant women and 21.4%/54.8% in women with HRC. The highest prevalence of magnesium deficiency was observed for osteoporosis and climacteric syndrome. Risk factors included diastolic blood pressure, previous pregnancy complications, infections and edema for pregnant women, and age, body mass index, and various comorbidities for women with HRC. Conclusions These results confirm the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in pregnant women and women with HRC and underline the importance of routine screening, since risk factors are mostly non-specific.

This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of magnesium (Mg)-vitamin B 6 replenishment and its correlation with clinical status in pregnant women (PW), and quality of life in women with hormone-related conditions (HRCW) and hypomagnesemia (HME). Data collected in four observational studies were pooled and analysed. All women received Mg supplementation for 4 weeks. The proportion of women with normalized Mg level, and the correlation between serum Mg dynamics and number of symptoms/complaints (PW) or changes in World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire scores (WHOQOL; HRCW) were evaluated. 869 PW and 957 HRCW were included in the study. Normalization of serum Mg level to ≥ 0.66 mmol/L occurred in 92.1% of PW and 78.4% of HRCW, and to ≥ 0.8 mmol/L in 73.8% and 58.9%, respectively. Mg normalization was accompanied by a median decrease of 1 symptom and 1 complaint in PW. Serum Mg level increase by 0.1 mmol/L was associated to significant changes in the WHOQOL scores in HRCW. Treatment of HME with the Mg for approximately 4 weeks provided a high response rate of Mg serum level, was associated with an improvement in symptom severity and complaints in PW, and WHOQOL score in HRCW. A 0.8 mmol/L cut-off appeared to be more relevant in terms of patient-reported outcomes.

Дигидрокверцетин (ДГК) — биофлавоноид, обладающий высокой антиоксидантной, капилляропротекторной и противовоспалительной активностью. Ранее ДГК применялся при инфекции, вызванной коронавирусом ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (MERS-CoV). В настоящее время ДГК рассматривается в качестве потенциального регулятора окислительного стресса в составе комплексной терапии COVID-19. ДГК характеризуется высоким профилем безопасности, но низкой биодоступностью, ограничива-ющей его применение. Для повышения биодоступности ДГК могут быть использованы инновационные технологии (липосомирование, инженерия кристаллов и др.).

e13035 Background: EMPOWER trial demonstrated the benefit of eribulin administrated post CD4/6i in patients (pts) with HR+ HER2-negative (HR+HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). There are several important limitations to this trial: > 60% of pts were stage IV at the time of treatment initiation, eribulin used in late lines (2L only in 30% pts) and follow-up data were immature. Current study aimed to provide additional data on the real-world effectiveness and safety of eribulin monotherapy in this setting. Methods: Observation study of eribulin monotherapy in standard regimen enrolled 54 pts (median age 56; range 29-79 years) with HR+ HER2- MBC received at least one dose of eribulin post CDK 4/6i in metastatic settings; 24% pts had de novo metastatic BC, 76% - recurrent BC; 77% received palbociclib, 21% ribociclib, 2% both drugs; 49% pts received CDK4/6i with fulvestrant and 51% with AI. CDK4/6i was used: 49% pts in 1L, 36% in 2L, 16% in 3L. Median DOR of CDK4/6i treatment was 9.07 months (range 2-38). 94% pts received anthracyclines and taxanes, eribulin was used in 2L in 60%, 30% in 3L, 8% in 4L, 2% in 5L. The most common sites of metastases (Mts) were bones (78%), liver (73%), lung (56%) and brain (8%); visceral Mts were seen in 90% pts. Median follow-up – 11,5 months (range 3-36). Results: Median cycles of eribulin therapy was 10,5 (range 1-44); objective response rate was seen in 24%, stabilization - 67%, progression - in 9%. Median PFS was 10.0 months, there were no significant differences in the different subgroups (visceral/no visceral; recurrent/de novo BC; age; CDK4/6i as 1L vs 2L, fulvestrant vs AI), p > 0,05. Median PFS was higher in pts with lung Mts vs non-lung (24 vs 9,1 months, p = 0.056). Most common AEs all grades were neutropenia (26%), anemia (9%), asthenia (9%), polyneuropathy (11.1%). AE did not affect the effectiveness of eribulin (p = 0.648). Dose reduction was in 19% pts and did not affect the effectiveness of eribulin (p = 0.612). At median follow-up of 11.5 months, 92.5% of patients still alive. Conclusions: As post-CDK4/6i therapy, eribulin in HR+HER2- MBC pts was effective and well tolerated, regardless of age, line of CDK4/6, CDK 4/6i combination partner. Patients with metastasis to the lung have better mPFS. Results in this real-world population of pts with HR+HER2- MBC were consistent with the EMPOWER study, and support administration of eribulin in 2-3 lines as an effective option for post-CD4/6i pts.

Рассмотрены возможности повышения биодоступности, сроков хранения и улучшения органолептических свойств готовых фармацевтических препаратов с помощью микрокапсулирования, позволяющего с большой надежностью обеспечивать заранее заданные свойства, в том числе и постепенное поступление действующего вещества в кровоток.

The article deals with the lexical features of the Spanish language in the framework of dialectology based on the material of the Mexican national variant of the Spanish language and its territorial dialect of the state of Oaxaca. There are significant changes in the lexical composition in the dialects of Mexico. The Mexican speech has local features in different regions of the country. Sometimes these differences are so significant that residents of different states do not understand each other at the level of individual words and expressions. The choice of this dialect is due to the lack of work in the Spanish studies. This state is interesting for its ethnic composition, as it has the highest percentage of Indian population in the country. The analysis of lexical discrepancies was carried out through a survey of native speakers, research of scientific literature and Internet resources. The article concludes that it is necessary to continue the study of the Oaxacan dialect within the Mexican national variant of Spanish.

Due to the high estimated prevalence of magnesium deficiency, there is a need for a rapid, non-invasive assessment tool that could be used by patients and clinicians to confirm suspected hypomagnesemia and substantiate laboratory testing. This study analyzed data from four large observational studies of hypomagnesemia in pregnant women and women with hormone-related conditions across Russia. Hypomagnesemia was assessed using a 62-item magnesium deficiency questionnaire (MDQ-62) and a serum test. The diagnostic utility (sensitivity/specificity) of MDQ-62 was analyzed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). A logistic regression model was applied to develop a shorter, optimized version of MDQ-62. A total of 765 pregnant women and 8836 women with hormone-related conditions were included in the analysis. The diagnostic performance of MDQ-62 was “fair” (AUROC = 0.7−0.8) for women with hormone-related conditions and “poor” for pregnant women (AUROC = 0.6−0.7). The optimized MDQ-23 (23 questions) and MDQ-10 (10 questions) had similar AUROC values; for all versions of the questionnaire, there was a significant negative correlation between score and changes in total serum magnesium levels (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons; correlation coefficients ranged from −0.1667 to −0.2716). This analysis confirmed the value of MDQ in identifying women at risk of hypomagnesemia.

It is known that iron deficiency is a negative factor for the onset of pregnancy. It aggravates its course, increasing the risk of preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, uterine inertia, premature birth, bleeding and hypogalactia. This condition increases the risk of unfavorable outcomes, iron deficiency anemia and cognitive delay in a child. Raising the awareness of women of reproductive age and the clinical suspicion of physicians regarding the iron deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency can facilitate timely visit a doctor. At the expert council “Relevant issues of iron deficiency in the Russian Federation” held in June 2020, aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this condition were discussed, and promising directions for improving the situation were proposed.

The Functional Approach to Professional Discourse Exploration in Linguistics comprises the papers by mostly Russian scholars who combine their research work with different forms of putting linguistic knowledge to good practical use (teaching, translation, management, PR, advertising, journalism, editing, etc.). They see their ultimate goal in transmitting the results of their theoretical contemplations to the actual forms of professional communication, thus making it more sophisticated and harmonised for both parties of the process and trying to develop such skills in their students, future professionals.

The paper presents an analysis of semantic and pragmatic features of the double modal ‘might could’ which proves to be the most common of combinations of modal auxiliaries observed in modern English. Although at first glance combinations of two modal verbs might seem to be cases of grammatical distortion, their use is scientifically recognised. The first instances of double modals date back to the seventeenth century. While previous research has focused primarily on formal, pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects of double modality, this study aims to describe the functional potential of double modal combinations by looking into the semantics of their components. The distinction between epistemic, deontic and dynamic modalities forms the basis for the analysis. It is generally assumed that in the case of ‘might could’ the first-tier component is normally used in the epistemic meaning of supposition implying uncertainty, whereas ‘could’ is either deontic or dynamic. Close analysis of situations where ‘might could’ was used by native speakers of English enabled us to conclude that although the epistemic value of ‘might’ prevailed in the majority of the analysed examples, in about one third of them its use was not purely epistemic. With the deontic ‘could’ the first-tier ‘might’ was clearly a politeness marker, whereas in the case of the dynamic ‘could’ it manifested possible lack of commitment. While the double modal is not recognised as standard British or American English, it does exist as a dialectal feature in both Britain and the US, and this article discusses the use of double modals as a popular dialectal variety of English used in regions of the US and Great Britain.

ОРЛОВА Светлана Викторовна -аспирант департамента политологии

Аннотация.Статья посвящена проблеме изучения лексико-семантических свойств дисфемизмов в современной англоязычной корпоративной коммуникации (британский и американский варианты английского языка).Авторы устанавливают место дисфемизмов в корпоративной коммуникации, выявляют сущностные характеристики дисфемизмов, определяющие их лексико-семантические свойства, а также рассматривают роль дисфемизмов в реализации некоторых ключевых речевых стратегий в рамках корпоративной коммуникации.В исследовании используются методы сплошной выборки, дефиниционного анализа, текстового анализа, компонентного анализа и комплексного анализа словарных единиц.Научная новизна исследования проистекает из его фокуса на процессах дисфемизации, проявление которых в рамках корпоративной коммуникации представляет собой малоизученную научную проблематику.Авторы приходят к выводу о том

Efficient teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) requires substantial effort which includes fostering the skills of scientific texts translation. The study deals with the methodology of teaching translation to MA and post-graduate students specialising in Chemistry and possessing little or no knowledge of translation techniques, reviews discussions on translation theory and practice to illustrate their evolution and attempts to make a contribution to this discussion by offering some new perspectives of interest in the field. The study lists translation strategies to be applied with non-language majors and tests them out with MA and post-graduate students in the Chemistry Department of Moscow Technical University with experiment and control groups further evaluating students’ progress via quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis.

When it comes to the methodology of teaching prosodic organisation of business discourse to business Teaching foreign languages obviously should consider the discursive features of intercultural interaction which includes an essential component - teaching prosody of speech. National and cultural traditions mark the manner of prosodic expression of illocutive acts. Thus, the prosodic model performed by the speaker reveals national-specific and individual features. The study of prosodic features of speech interaction stipulates that a number of methods should be used: communicative and pragmatic analysis of audio material as well as auditory analysis of phrases in the English business discourse. In the field of teaching the functional side of the language it is relevant to study the whole complex of parameters of sounding speech. This makes it possible to obtain the most complete and reliable information about communication peculiarities, communicants' intentions and, therefore, to provide the student with knowledge about how to use speech skills to participate in communication. Prosody is one of the most informative components of speech. In many cases, it expresses semantic features in the process of communication. The prosody of speech can often be attributed to a single means of differentiating illocutionary acts. Training of correct perception and reproduction of national-specific features of diverse types of speech acts at the prosody level is determined by the necessity to identify adequate means of intercultural communication, designed to ensure a successful process of interethnic speech interaction. The specificity of the prosodic component, which is an integral part of the speech act, is manifested in the possibility of its subjective interpretation both at the level of reproduction and in its perception in the communicative process. Teaching prosodic norms of foreign language culture in the process of teaching foreign languages will help students to avoid communication failures.