Когнитивная и личностная регуляция стратегий решения ПрогностичесКой задачи (на материале IOwA GAMblING TAsK) с. д. смирнов, м. а. чумакова, с. а.Корнилов, е. в.Краснов, т. в.Корнилова В статье представлены результаты серии из пяти исследований.В них на разных выборках группы «нормы» выявлены связи показателей стратегий в игровой задаче Айова (Iowa Gambling Task -IGT) с интеллек том (общим, вербальным), исполнительными функциями (шифтингом, ингибицией и апдейтингом), с личностными свойствами, отражающими отношение к неопределенности (толерантность и интолерантность к неопределенности), и чертами «Большой пятерки».Методики: игровая задача Айова,

The article challenges the conventional notion of world image construction being heavily rooted in the analysis of the present through the lens of the past. Instead, we propose an alternative conceptualization that postulates that the image of the expected future functionally precedes the image of the present. According to this model, any image is the result of the testing of a cognitive hypothesis that is generated "towards" external infuluences (according to the mechanism of "reciprocal assimilation" proposed by A.N. Leontiev). There is no building the image of the present without a cognitive hypothesis. A coherent, multilevel dynamic system of such hypotheses forms the world image that continuously generates forecasts as the means to radically reduce uncertainty. Based on existing empirical evidence, we also put forward several hypotheses regarding the peculiarities of the world image in individuals with different levels of tolerance/intolerance for uncertainty.

The co-relation of the notions of activity and communication providing arguments against treatment of, communication as activity (verbal or communicative) typical of Soviet psychology are analyzed. The author argues that communication may serve activity and also may be served by activity, may take the form of activity or non-activity, which allows interpretation of communication as an aspect of human life having its own genetic roots and development laws different from activity. Communication cannot be reduced to activity or derived from it.

The paper presents findings of a longitudinal study of links between academic, creative and practical abilities and academic success in students of schools of higher education in Moscow. The method of hierarchical linear modeling was used to reveal a heterogeneous profile of variation in students' academic success over the whole period of study. The level of academic ability was relevant for predicting initial academic success, while the level of creativity and practical intellect predicted the tempo of variation of academic success indices in the early stages of instruction.

The questionnaire containing the scale "self-appraisal of learning" besides three C. Dwek's scales reflecting implicit concepts of intelligence, personality and education goals was tested on students' samples (n = 439). Internal validity and reliability of the proposed modified questionnaire (the correlations of its scales with indices of psychometric intelligence, emotional intellegence were determined) and convergent validity of "self-appraisal of learning" with direct self-appraisal of "mind" (in its everyday representation) are estimated.

The existence of some illusions of everyday consciousness hampering the progress in the determining the subject of scientific psychology is stated. All the researchers are required to pose themselves as supporters of specific methodological approach (methodological nihilism, rigorism, liberalism, pluralism) in order to promote << cumulative effect >> or to present their own original position. The author argues that the subject of psychology in the most broad sense is the aggregation of formation of universe image processes and its functioning as a regulator of external behavior and internal life of living organism.

The article discusses the possibility of discovering dynamic systems of decision-making by means of cluster analysis of data collected by two studies. The studies compared personal motivation profiles of a control and an experimental group (partially deaf students in the first study and diabetics in the second). Analysis has discovered peculiarities in groups of personal motivation traits in people with low self-control and forced communication constraints.