Water tank experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of compound bio-nutrient (CB) combination of various nutrient ratios on water environment. In this study, group CK was the blank control group, group A, B and C were CB combinations of organic nutrients, inorganic salts and micronutrients, with the proportion of 16∶78∶6, 32∶62∶6 and 48∶44∶6, respectively. Results showed that dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in group C had a significant decline, harmful substances content was the highest in group A, in which ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) level was significantly higher than that in group CK and group B, but there was no significantly difference between group C, and its nitrite (NO2–N) content was increased remarkably compared with other groups. CB gave a great increase to the content of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), especially in group A and B. A sharp increase ofBacillus counts and a significant decline ofBeromonas counts were recorded in all groups treated with CB. In addition, there were an obvious improvement in the abundance and diversity of plankton in all treatments, especially in group B. The results from RDA analysis revealed that TN and TP were the major environmental factor affecting prokaryotes communities, while DO and NH3–N taken effect to eukaryotes communities. In general, the 32∶62∶6 combination of CB in organic nutrients, inorganic salts and micronutrients had good effects on water environmental improvement.

饵料和水质条件是影响养殖生产的重要因素。本研究探讨不同类型的营养剂对水体中浮游生物生长及水体理化性质的影响。实验通过对水体施用无机营养剂（inorganic nutrients,IN）、微量营养添加剂（micronutrients additives,MA）及复合营养剂（complex nutritional preparation,CNP）和空白对照（no fortification,NF）处理,测定水体中溶解氧（dissolved oxygen,DO）、氨氮（ammonia,NH 3 -N）、亚硝酸氮（nitrite,NO 2 -N）、总氮（total nitrogen,TN）及总磷（total phosphorus,TP）的变化,并采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE）技术研究水体浮游生物的群落结构。理化指标的结果表明,IN极显著提高水体DO、NH 3 -N、NO 2 -N和TN的含量（P＜0.01）,而MA仅对NH 3 -N具有极显著的提高作用（P＜0.01）,并极显著降低NO 2 -N水平（P＜0.01）,其他理化指标均与NF无显著差异。原核生物DGGE图谱可知,NF组的条带数最多,检测到44条,其次为IN组（37条）和MA组（36条）,而CNP组最少,仅34条。多样性指数（shannon-wiener diversity index,H’）和均匀度指数（pielou evenness index,J）以NF组最高,分别为3.78和0.91,CNP组最低,分别为3.53和0.85。真核生物DGGE图谱显示,CNP组条带数最多,检测到25条,NF组（22条）和MA组（21）条次之,而IN组最少,仅18条。CNP组多样性指数和均匀度指数均最大,为3.22和0.86,而IN组最小,为2.89和0.77。由此可见,添加营养剂后水体中TN和TP均明显提高,IN组中的有害物质和有害菌大量增加,而MA则降低了水体中有害物质和有害菌的含量,CNP组中浮游生物多样性最高,能够为水体提供充足的营养物质,同时对水体环境具有较好的改善作用。实验结果为健康养殖及改善水体生态环境提供理论依据。

The trial was conducted to investigate the effect of moisture content on pH,lactic acid content,the number of lactobacillus and dry matter recovery(DMR)in lactobacillus solid-state fermentation feed.There were five groups in the test,group A,B,C,D and E,each group included 3 replications.The moisture content of these treatments were 25%,30%,35%,40% and 45%,respectively.The results showed that:the pH reduced most fast in group D with the largest number of lactobacillus;group C had the highest content of lactic acid;there was a negative correlation between DMR and moisture content;the optimum moisture content of fermentation feed was 35% ～ 40%.