目的 通过对腮腺良、恶性病变的超声声像图特征进行比较,评估超声在腮腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析解放军第105医院2014年1月至2016年1月75例腮腺病变患者共82个病灶的超声声像图特征,根据病灶的形态、边界、内部回声、后方回声情况及血流特征做出经验性诊断,将超声诊断结果和最终的病理结果进行对照.结果 超声诊断腮腺恶性占位的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为70.6%、96.9%和85.7%,诊断腮腺占位的准确性91.5%.病灶的外形和边界在腮腺良、恶性病变组间的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),而内部回声、病灶后方回声情况及血流特征两组差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 超声在腮腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值,其中病变的外形和边界是评判良恶性的可靠指标.

目的:探讨中枢神经系统畸形胎儿脑室异常超声表现的诊断和鉴别诊断的意义.方法:回顾性分析自2014年1月至2015年12月在我院进行产前超声诊断中发现的60例胎儿中枢神经系统畸形,观察脑室异常改变,总结并分析其声像图改变特征及合并畸形情况.结果:60例胎儿中透明隔腔缺如25例,侧脑室扩张27例,第三脑室扩张18例,第四脑室扩张21例.相关畸形包括Dandy-Walker综合征15例,脊柱裂11例,严重脑积水10例,前脑无裂畸形7例,胼胝体缺失3例,孔洞脑2例.结论:产前超声可以动态观察中枢神经系统的发育情况,脑室扩张及形态改变是许多中枢神经系统畸形的超声表现,通过观察脑室形态改变可对中枢神经系统畸形进行诊断及鉴别诊断.

Objective To investigate the significance of ultrasonic performance of fetal ventricle anomalies in differential di?agnosis of abnormalities in central nervous system. Methods 92 cases of fetuses diagnosed with abnormalities in central nervous sys?tem were collected, all of whom underwent prenatal ultrasound examination in our hospital from January 2014 to May 2016. Ventricular abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed, and sonographic characteristics and associated deformity were summarized and analyzed. Results 92 fetuses cases with abnormalities in central nervous system were detected, consisting of 51 cases with absence of cavum septum pellucidum, 63 cases with lateral ventricle dilatation, 42 cases with the third ventricle dilatation, and 37 cases with the fourth ventricle dilatation. Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound can dynamically observe the development status of the central nervous system. Malformations in central nervous system can be diagnosed differentially by observing ventricle morphological changes.

患儿男,17岁,主因“左耳前包块10月余”入院.查体:左侧耳屏前方可触及约2.0 cm×1.0 cm包块,质硬,表面光滑,活动度差,无压痛.超声:左侧腮腺区1.62 cm×0.89 cm低回声包块,外形欠规则,边界清,内见少许钙化;CDFI可见较丰富血流信号(图1A、1B);弹性成像分级为Ⅳ级(图1C).