为了实现对CRTS?Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道开裂的伤损管理,提出针对多条不同开裂形式裂缝的CRTS?Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道开裂状况评价指标和计算方法.?通过专家咨询获取437份有效调查问卷,采用德尔菲法和区间层次分析建立结构层次以确定各参数的权重,并将所提评估方法应用于工程实例.?结果表明:与层次分析法相比,结合德尔菲法和区间层次分析求取的参数权重更具客观性;工程实例中的开裂状况评价指标CCI为75.30分,评估方法的合理性得以验证,工程实例计算结果表明所提评估方法能够定量分析无砟道床的开裂严重程度.

The cracking damage of the high-speed railway slab track seriously affects its durability and service life. The cracking condition index (CCI) for the China railway track system (CRTS) III prefabricated slab track and the corresponding calculation methods were proposed to realize the scientific management and guide the maintenance more reasonably. In order to ensure the objectivity and rationality of each parameter's weight, first, the finite-element (FE) model of CRTS III prefabricated slab track with surface cracks was established to analyze the crack growth behavior, based on the fracture mechanics theory. The results show that the crack growth rate of transverse cracks at the same depth is greater than that of longitudinal cracks and significantly greater than that of through cracks. Then 437 valid questionnaires were obtained through expert consultation. Combining the subjective factors of expert evaluation with the objective factors of numerical simulation, the Delphi method and interval analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to establish the structural hierarchy, which could determine the weight of each parameter. After that, it was applied to an engineering example. The results show that the weights obtained by the comprehensive method combining the Delphi method and the interval AHP are more objective. Furthermore, the evaluation method was applied to the engineering example, obtaining the slab track CCI within [70.91, 72.83] points, which verified the rationality of the evaluation method. In short, the index evaluation method can quantitatively analyze the cracking severity of the track slab, which has important reference and practical value for line maintenance.

研究目的:为有效解决隧道内无砟轨道上拱病害,基于双块式无砟轨道,提出一种大调整量新型高承轨台无砟轨道.通过ANSYS和LS-DYNA有限元软件建立精细化的静、动力学有限元模型,研究不同工况下新型高承轨台无砟轨道的受力特性,并与双块式无砟轨道对比分析.研究结论:(1)在列车静荷载和基础上拱变形作用下,新型高承轨台无砟轨道的受力变形和双块式无砟轨道无太大区别,轨道结构最大应力和位移均满足普通无砟轨道设计要求;(2)通过打磨轨枕块实现轨道结构垂向-50～0 mm的向下大调整量,满足结构最大应力和位移限值要求;(3)在列车动荷载作用下,新型高承轨台无砟轨道与双块式无砟轨道的各项动力响应指标均相差不大;新型无砟轨道打磨前后的轨道结构动力响应无明显区别,基础上拱后通过打磨轨枕块调整轨道结构,对高速列车行车的安全性和稳定性有显著提升;(4)针对隧道内无砟轨道上拱问题,本研究可为隧道内无砟轨道的设计和施工提供借鉴和参考.

无水坝抽水蓄能系统利用封闭容器内的高压气体构建虚拟水坝,是兼具压缩空气储能和抽水蓄能优点的新型储能系统.但该系统的封闭容器内水和气在高压状态共存有可能造成水中溶气,从而对水轮机造成汽蚀等破坏.本文采用实际气体状态方程及分子动力学模拟方法,研究了宽广的压力、温度范围下气体在水中的溶解及扩散规律,揭示了水中气体溶解量随时间和水深的变化规律.研究结果表明释能结束后保证水-气共容舱内剩余水的高度大于0.5 m时,高压溶气不会对水轮机产生危害,该结论对系统的工程应用及推广具有指导意义.

为解决可再生能源存在的间歇性和波动性等问题,考虑到现有大规模储能技术的不足,提出了一种兼具抽水蓄能技术和压缩空气储能技术特点的恒压型抽水压缩空气储能系统.首先建立其热力学模型和经济学模型,然后以能量效率和单位能量成本作为目标函数,以水气比、预置压力、增压机压比和增压机效率作为决策变量,分别针对容量为1 MW、2MW、5 MW的系统进行多目标优化.多目标优化结果表明,当水气比约为7、预置压力约为4 MPa、增压机压比约为2、增压机效率较高时,系统具有较高的能量效率和较低的单位能量成本.同时,随着系统容量的增加,单位能量成本明显降低.研究结果可为该系统的工程应用提供理论支撑.

Energy storage technology is an efficient way to solve the discontinuous and unpredictable of renewable energy. This paper combined isobaric CAES with low grade waste heat to reduce the pollution of CAES and avoid the exergy destruction in throttling process. The thermodynamic analysis including energy analysis and exergy analysis, was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results show that total round trip efficiency of the proposed I-CAES can be improved nearly 11% and the effective air storage density increases 37.6% compared with the conventional CAES. Meanwhile, a parametric analysis is also conducted to evaluate the effects of several key parameters on the system performance.

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), a widely applied energy storage technology, is regarded as a promising approach to ameliorate the shortage of renewable energies. However, the efficiency of CAES is limited due to the throttling process in the system, which results in exergy losses. To avoid the influence of throttling effect, a closed isobaric compressed air energy storage (CI–CAES) system was proposed to improve the performance of CAES technology. In this new system, the low-pressure underground storage tank achieves higher inlet pressure of compressors compared with conventional CAES systems, and constant air pressure in the high-pressure underground storage tank leads to stable power output. In addition, industrial waste heat is utilized to increase the inlet temperature of turbines. The trade-off between thermodynamic performance and economic performance is investigated by a multiobjective genetic algorithm, where 65.98% and 1.12 k$/kW are selected as optimal solutions for the two objectives.