采用大田试验,探讨不同用量土壤调理剂对镉污染农田土壤养分、质地、微团聚体、酶活性及微生物数量等影响.试验设置T0、T1、T2、T3、T4和T5共6个处理,对应添加土壤调理剂0、1 500、3 000、4 500、6 000和 7 500 kg·hm-2.结果表明:施用土壤调理剂后增加了土壤pH值(0.66％～6.75％)、阳离子交换量(22.68％～64.45％)、碱解氮(7.94％～29.26％)和速效钾(0.28％～21.99％),而对土壤质地、有效磷、微团聚体组成影响较小;影响了土壤微生物环境,抑制了脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及细菌和放线菌数量.土壤调理剂通过影响土壤理化性质及微生物环境,降低了 土壤有效态镉(12.34％～24.78％)和糙米镉含量(7.69％～64.10％).相关性表明:施用量与土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、碱解氮和速效钾呈显著正相关,而与有效磷、脲酶和过氧化氢酶呈显著负相关,但与土壤有效态镉和糙米镉相关性不明显.综上,从镉污染修复效果、土壤环境影响及经济成本考虑,以T2(3 000 kg.hm-2)处理效果最佳.

Field experiments were conducted on the heavy metal contents (Cd, Pb, Cr, inorganic As, and total Hg) of the 129 main cultivated rice varieties in southern China. We analyzed the effects of different varieties and types of rice on the absorption capacities of these heavy metals. The results showed that the Cd content in 35 brown rice of early rice was 0.35-0.60 mg·kg-1, exceeding the standard rate of 100%. The Pb content in brown rice was 0.08-0.30 mg·kg-1, exceeding the rate of 14.29%. The Cd content in 54 brown rice of medium rice was 0.03-0.45 mg·kg-1, exceeding the rate of 33.33%. The Cd content in 40 brown rice of late rice was 0.08-0.20 mg·kg-1, which did not exceed the national standard. Early, middle, and late rice all showed that the Cd content of three-line hybrid rice was higher than that of two-line hybrid rice, but the difference was not obvious. The contents of Cr and total Hg in brown rice of three-line hybrid rice in early rice were significantly higher than that of two-line hybrid rice. There was a significant positive correlation between Cd content in brown rice and Pb and total Hg content in medium rice, and there was a significant negative correlation between inorganic Cd content and inorganic As content, whereas there was no significant correlation between Cd and Cr content. In short, rice's absorption and accumulation of heavy metals is greatly affected by genetic background, species types, and heavy metal interactions.