为实现β射线组织吸收剂量的量值复现,通过实验和模拟计算得到了基于90Sr/90Y和85Kr源的辐射场和外推电离室参数,以及外推电离室相关修正因子,实现了展平过滤条件下组织吸收剂量率的量值复现.为后续参加β射线剂量相关的国际比对,进行β射线个人剂量当量Hp(0.07)的量值传递提供基础.

In order to accurately measure the environmental level dose rate, based on the G(E) function method and conversion of complete spectra without deconvolution method, the energy spectrum and dose rate of X/γ ray was measured for calculating spectrum-dose conversion coefficient. And finally the conversion of energy spectrum to dose rate is realized. The residual difference between the calculated dose rate by the energy spectrum-dose method and the measured dose rate value is approximately 0, which proves that the method is self-consistent. Experiments have been conducted in 137Cs and 60Co radiation fields, and the maximum relative error of dose rate is ±10%, which proves that the G(E) function method and Conversion of complete spectra without deconvolution method are feasible for energy spectrum-dose conversion.

为了解决主动式电子剂量率仪在脉冲辐射条件下的溯源需求,评估主动式电子剂量率仪测量脉冲辐射剂量的准确性,本文采用栅控技术于中国计量科学研究院建立了用于辐射防护剂量量值传递的脉冲X射线参考辐射场,具有曝光时间可调的特性.对脉冲X光管的管电压、曝光时间、脉冲上升/下降时间、辐射场均匀野大小进行了测试,同时对脉冲辐射场空气比释动能率测量方法进行了研究.研究结果如下:利用介入法示波器测量管电压,测量值与管电压预设值在100 kV时,相对偏差为0.19％.在建立的均匀辐射场中,利用电离室实现了脉冲场的空气比释动能率的测量,当管电压为60 kV,管电流为50 mA时空气比释动能率约为3 mGy/s.本文研究结果可为后续空气比释动能率定值提供参考.

为解决用于X射线诊断、安检等涉及到的脉冲X射线剂量监测仪表的时间响应修正问题,建立了模拟上述辐射条件的40～125 kV脉冲X射线参考辐射场.该参考辐射场同时具备了常规辐射场特性和脉冲辐射场特性.基于栅控技术的高压发生器可以调控光管产生不同脉冲特性的X射线,使用脉冲时间测量模块对产生X射线的脉冲特性(上升和下降沿时间、曝光时间等)进行测量,得到的结果表明该参考辐射场可用于主动式剂量监测设备的时间响应修正和剂量溯源.