目的研究获取的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）值增高患者的前列腺液中的白细胞状态。方法112例PSA值增高的患者在行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检前获取前列腺液,并行前列腺液中的白细胞计数。用相关分析和t检验分析白细胞与患者年龄、PSA、前列腺体积等的关系。结果所有患者的前列腺液中白细胞密度加大（平均5.29×106/mL）,白细胞总数增高（平均1.58×106）。前列腺液的体积和白细胞总数与前列腺体积呈显著性相关,非前列腺癌患者较前列腺癌患者的前列腺体积和白细胞总数显著增高。结论非前列腺癌患者的PSA值增高可能与前列腺液中的白细胞增高有关。

AIM: To study the clinical value of the exfoliative cytology of prostatic fluid for diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS: Prostatic fluid was obtained before prostate biopsy and Papanicolaou staining, and cytologic grading was performed in 111 patients. Patients' age, PSA, TPV, TZV as well as prostatic fluid volume between pathological grades were compared by ANOVA analysis. RESULTS: The pathological examination showed 47 (42.34%) cases of prostate cancer and 64(57.66%) cases of non-cancer. The exfoliative cytology demonstrated that there were 1(0.90%),76(68.47%),21(18.92%),7(6.31%), and 6(5.40%) cases from pathological grade 1 to 5 respectively. The prostatic fluid cytology had a specificity of 100% and high sensibility(6/14, 42.86%) in patients with PSA≥20 μg/L. PSA value was significantly different between pathological grade 2, 3, 4 and 5. CONCLUSION: The exfoliative cytology of prostatic fluid is valuable in diagnosing the prostate cancer, especially in patients with a high PSA value. It is non-invasive and has cess damage than prostate biopsy.