目的 探讨白藜芦醇(Res)对大脑缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠神经元凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法 采用线栓法制作短暂性大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型.将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、脑缺血再灌注模型组(MCAO组)、白藜芦醇低剂量(10 mg/kg)组(Res 10组)、白藜芦醇高剂量(30 mg/kg)组(Res 30组).栓塞缺血2h、再灌注24 h后对各组大鼠进行神经功能损伤评分、脑组织含水量及脑梗死体积评估,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡,同.时测定缺血再灌注损伤缺血测脑组织中SIRT1、Bax、Caspase-3 mRNA表达水平.结果 脑缺血再灌注后24 h,MCAO组脑梗死体积大于Sham组(P＜0.01),神经功能损伤评分、脑组织含水量、TUNEL(+)细胞数及Bax mRNA、Caspase-3 mRNA表达量均明显高于Sham组(P＜0.01),而SIRT1 mRNA表达量较Sham组明显降低(P＜0.01).与MCAO组比较,Res 10组、Res 30组脑梗死体积明显缩小(P＜0.01),神经功能损伤评分、脑组织含水量、TUNEL(+)细胞数以及脑组织中Bax mRNA、Caspase-3 mRNA表达量明显降低(P＜0.01),SIRT1 mRNA表达明显增加(P＜0.01).结论 白藜芦醇可通过减轻缺血脑组织神经元凋亡对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤发挥神经保护作用,其可能通过激活SIRT1信号通路从而抑制或逆转脑缺血再灌注神经损伤的发生.

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(T N F-α)在体-肺分流性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织和血浆中的表达变化.方法 40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=10)和手术模型组(n=30).术后8周和12周右心导管法评估各组大鼠肺血流动力学变化,计算右心室肥厚指数并检测肺组织中TNF-α的mRNA表达变化、血浆中TNF-α浓度的变化及肺血管重构情况.结果 手术组大鼠TNF-α的血浆浓度随肺动脉高压的严重程度而逐渐升高,且其与肺血流动力学指标及右室肥厚指数均呈正相关[RVSP(r=0.7666,P<0.01),PASP(r=0.7667,P<0.01),mPAP(r=0.7424,P<0.01)及RVHI(r=0.6846,P<0.01)].TNF-α的mRNA表达在术后8周[(1.60±0.52)倍]和12周[(2.29±0.60)倍]较假手术组均显著升高(均P<0.01),且呈时间依赖性,同时手术组大鼠肺血管呈现明显的病理重构.结论 TNF-α在先天性体-肺分流性肺动脉高压大鼠的血浆和肺组织中表达显著升高,其可能在肺血管重构发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用,并可能是反映先天性体-肺分流性肺动脉高压严重程度的生物标志物.

Objective:To study the relationship between the monitoring results of blood concentration of glycopeptides and dosage regimens ,in order to provide an evidence for clinical pharmacists participating in clinical rational drug use .Methods:A total of 204 cases‐times monitoring results of glycopeptide blood concentration in Wuhan Third Hospital from August ,2013 to May ,2015 were retrospectively analyzed .Results:Thirty‐nine cases were excluded due to irregular manipulation in collecting blood samples .In the remaining 165 cases‐times ,55 were treated with vancomycin ,35 treated with norvancomycin and 75 treated with teicoplanin ,and the proportions of blood trough concentrations within the range of effective treatment for the above 3 were 34 .55% ,20.00% and 70 .67% ,respectively .Statistical significance could be seen ,when the levels of vancomycin and norvancomycin in the 60‐75‐year group and the over 75‐year group were compared with those in the lower than 60‐year group (P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) .There was statistical significance in blood trough concentrations ,when comparisons were made with those of the remaining groups (including the cases treated with teicoplanin) (P>0 .05) .Statistical significance could neither be seen in the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in the 93 cases ,both before and after medication of glycopep‐tides (P>0 .05) .There was statistical significance in blood trough concentrations for those cases with or without the initial loading dose of teicoplanin (P<0 .05) .Conclusion:Through the monitoring of blood drug concentrations ,individualized medication of glycopeptides could be realized ,antibacterial capacity of such drugs could be enhanced and adverse drug reactions be reduced .

目的 研究何首乌不同提取物对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠血糖、胰岛素抵抗及InsR基因表达的影响.方法 高脂饲料喂养联合腹腔内注射小剂量四氧嘧啶制造糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,分别用二甲双胍、何首乌水提物、何首乌乙醇提取物、何首乌正丁醇提取物进行干预,观察给药前后大鼠空腹血糖、血清胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),采用RT-PCR法测定肝细胞膜InsR mRNA基因表达情况.结果 三组何首乌提取物的血糖、FINS、HOMA-IR水平较模型组显著下降(P＜0.01),ISI水平显著上升(P＜0.01);肝细胞膜上InsR基因表达量上升.结论 何首乌提取物改善2型糖尿病大鼠的胰岛素抵抗,可能与上调InsR基因表达量有关.