Hepatic metabolism is influenced by both the multi-tissue environment and cellular heterogeneity, yet the cellular basis and genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying liver-specific metabolic functions remain incompletely understood. Pigs share high similarity with humans in liver structure, physiological function, and metabolic characteristics, making them an important large-animal model for studying hepatic metabolic regulation. In this study, we integrated bulk RNA-seq data from 300 liver, spleen, and blood samples with liver scRNA-seq data to characterize pig hepatic metabolic regulation across tissue, cellular, and genetic layers. Multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis identified liver-enriched gene sets mainly associated with metabolic and synthetic functions, highlighting the functional specialization of the pig liver in a multi-tissue context. At single-cell resolution, hepatocytes were further resolved into two major subtypes. Functional annotation, trajectory analysis, and cell–cell communication analysis further showed that these two hepatocyte subtypes displayed distinct functional features: Hepatocytes_Metabolic was enriched for lipid metabolism and core hepatic pathways, whereas Hepatocytes_Immune was more closely associated with immune-related microenvironmental regulation. To investigate the genetic basis of cellular heterogeneity in liver tissue, we incorporated estimated cell-type proportions into cell-type interaction eQTL models. This analysis identified 6,313 ct-ieGenes across liver cell populations, with Hepatocytes_Metabolic showing the largest number of ieGenes (3,404), indicating that the proportion of this metabolic hepatocyte subtype provides an important cellular context for resolving heterogeneity in hepatic genetic regulation. Colocalization analysis further linked ct-ieQTL signals in Hepatocytes_Metabolic to liver-related biochemical and lipid traits, including gamma-glutamyl transferase and cholesterol-related traits. Cross-species analysis showed that pig hepatocytes were transcriptionally closer to human hepatocytes than to mouse hepatocytes, and pig–human conserved hepatocyte genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism-related functions. Overall, this study provides a multi-level framework for understanding pig hepatic metabolic regulation and suggests that Hepatocytes_Metabolic represents an important cellular context linking liver metabolic function, cell-composition-associated genetic regulation, and liver-related complex traits.

The pig serves as both an important agricultural species and a valuable biomedical model due to its physiological and immunological similarities to humans. RNA editing, especially adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) conversions, is a key post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates gene expression and immune responses. However, the dynamics of RNA editing during porcine spleen development are still underexplored. To address this, we systematically profiled the RNA editing landscape of Ningxiang pig spleens at three developmental stages (30, 90, and 210 days) to investigate the dynamic regulation of RNA editing during immune system maturation. A total of 72,182 high-confidence RNA editing sites were identified, of which 92.9% corresponded to A-to-I conversions. These sites were predominantly located within swine-specific SINE retrotransposons (PRE-1/Pre0_SS). Across developmental stages, 2,649 sites exhibited significant differential editing, indicating that RNA editing activity is dynami-cally regulated during spleen development. Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially edited genes revealed enrichment in immune-related pathways, particularly those involved in T cell activation, cytokine signaling, and antiviral defense. Protein-protein interaction analysis further revealed two key RNA-editing-associated modules centered on PTPN11 and EP300, underscoring regulatory of immune signaling and disease response. Collectively, these results demonstrate that RNA editing constitutes a dynamic and developmentally regulated post-transcriptional layer during spleen development. Our findings highlight RNA editing as an important regulatory mechanism contributing to immune maturation and provide a valuable resource for future studies on immune regulation and disease resistance in pigs.

Canned bamboo shoot production generates nutrient-rich wastewater, presenting an opportunity for microbial valorization into value-added products. This study valorized bamboo shoot juice (BSJ) through sequential fermentation with Lactobacillus fermentum and a Kombucha consortium, employing metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics to characterize the biotransformation process. The fermented beverage exhibited substantial antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 70.8%; ABTS: 31.6%), comparable to established kombucha products, with 3 days identified as the optimal fermentation endpoint. L. fermentum pre-fermentation achieved rapid dominance (96.44%) and suppressed indigenous taxa. Subsequent Kombucha inoculation drove coordinated succession in which Lactobacillus-mediated acidification enabled Zygosaccharomyces-driven ethanol production, providing substrates for Komagataeibacter proliferation and bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesis (32.14 mm at 5 d). Metabolomic profiling identified 537 differential metabolites, with jasmonic acid (Z-score ≈ + 135) and biocytin (Z-score > + 100) representing the most dramatically accumulated bioactive compounds. Correlation analysis revealed distinct genus-specific metabolic roles: Lactobacillus associated with nutritional metabolites, Komagataeibacter with purine metabolism, and Zygosaccharomyces with jasmonic acid and secondary metabolites (*r* > 0.6, P < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the designed consortium drives functional compound accumulation through cross-kingdom metabolic cooperation, providing a framework for converting food processing wastewater into value-added products.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a systematic framework for the clinical transformation and application of Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) in Chinese healthcare contexts, thus providing a reference for the implementation of evidence-based nursing reform and practice. Methods: From October to December 2024, a preliminary framework was developed based on a knowledge translation model, a systematic literature review, and 10 years of implementation experience as a Best Practice Spotlight Organization® (BPSO®) at Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The preliminary framework was then refined through qualitative interviews with 12 multidisciplinary experts. Subsequently, from January to April 2025, the content validity of the preliminary framework was evaluated by 15 multidisciplinary experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Following this, the framework was revised and finalized through a focus group discussion involving 13 experts. In April 2025, this framework was implemented in the Department of Orthopedics at Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, taking pain management as the clinical application scenario. A total of 12 participants, including clinical physicians, nursing staff and methodological experts, were recruited to evaluate its clinical applicability and implementation feasibility. Results: The expert consultation results indicated good content validity of the framework, with an overall CVI of 0.88. The final framework comprises three concentric rings. The inner ring comprises three types of products derived from integrating Chinese and Western medical evidence—namely, evidence-based nursing protocols, locally adapted patient guidelines, and patient decision aids. The middle ring represents a seven-step, full-cycle implementation pathway that covers problem identification, evidence localization, barrier/facilitator assessment, intervention selection/adaptation/implementation, process monitoring, outcome evaluation, and sustainability maintenance. The outer ring comprises nine targeted intervention functions, including education, persuasion, incentivization, coercion, training, restriction, environmental restructuring, modeling, and enablement. In the preliminary application to orthopedic pain management, qualitative interviews revealed three themes: the three-ring structure provided clear guidance; the selection criteria for evidence products in the inner ring need further clarification; the intervention functions of the outer ring require more targeted practical guidance for implementation. Conclusion: The framework developed in this study demonstrates strong scientific rigor and practical feasibility for BPG transformation in settings featuring integrative medicine, while preserving both evidence-based standards and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This framework can serve as both a theoretical and practical reference for healthcare institutions and researchers seeking to efficiently adapt international guidelines and promote standardized, evidence-based nursing practice.

Background: A recent study reported that a deficiency of Col5a3 reduces dermal fat. However, the regulatory mechanism of the Col5a3 gene on adipose deposition remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we assessed the effects of Col5a3 interference on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through CCK-8, EdU staining, cell cycle detection, RT-qPCR, Western blot, a triglyceride assay, and Oil Red O staining. RNA-seq was then performed on differentiated adipocytes to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways. Results: Col5a3 interference significantly promoted the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells but inhibited their differentiation. RNA-seq analysis identified 368 DEGs, with the most significant enrichment observed in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the regulatory role of Col5a3 in the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes, identifying various genes regulated by Col5a3 in adipogenesis. We speculate that Col5a3 may influence adipogenesis through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in 3T3-L1 cells. The findings help gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition and obesity-related metabolic diseases.

Genetic mutation and drift, coupled with natural and human-mediated selection and migration, have produced a wide variety of genotypes and phenotypes in farmed animals. We here introduce the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) Project, which aims to elucidate the genetic determinants of gene expression across 16 terrestrial and aquatic domestic species under diverse biological and environmental contexts. For each species, we aim to collect multiomics data, particularly genomics and transcriptomics, from 50 tissues of 1,000 healthy adults and 200 additional animals representing a specific context. This Perspective provides an overview of the priorities of FarmGTEx and advocates for coordinated strategies of data analysis and resource-sharing initiatives. FarmGTEx aims to serve as a platform for investigating context-specific regulatory effects, which will deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying complex phenotypes. The knowledge and insights provided by FarmGTEx will contribute to improving sustainable agriculture-based food systems, comparative biology and eventual human biomedicine.

Meat production traits in pigs are critical economic characteristics, primarily influenced by the formation and development of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle development is regulated by a complex transcriptional network, which partly relies on chromatin accessibility for initiation. Ningxiang pigs, a renowned Chinese indigenous breed, are highly valued for their tender meat. However, studies focusing on skeletal muscle development in Ningxiang pigs, particularly from the perspective of chromatin accessibility, have not yet been reported. Based on this, the present study selected several key time points in the skeletal muscle development of Ningxiang pigs to perform Transposase-Accessible Chromatin Sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). This was carried out to identify key open chromatin regions and genes during different growth stages, which could influence skeletal muscle development in Ningxiang pigs. We collected longissimus dorsi muscle samples at postnatal days 14 (D14), 28 (D28), 85 (D85), 165 (D165), and 250 (D250). For each age, three individuals were collected for ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. After initial differential analysis among different ages, we identified 6412 differentially accessible chromatin peaks and 1464 differentially expressed genes. To clarify the key candidate transcription factors affecting the development of skeletal muscle in Ningxiang pigs, motif analysis of differential peaks revealed potential cis-regulatory elements with binding sites for transcription factors, including Fosl2 and JunB. Correlation analysis identified 56 overlapping genes and a significant positive correlation (r = 0.73, p = 1 × 10−14) between gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Key candidate genes such as HOXA10, closely related to skeletal muscle development, were specifically examined. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of porcine skeletal muscle development, providing a robust foundation for future molecular studies.

BACKGROUND:The Ningxiang pig, a renowned indigenous Chinese breed characterized by exceptional fat deposition, is an ideal model for studying the role of RNA editing in adipose tissue development. RESULTS:In this study, we constructed a dynamic landscape of RNA editing in subcutaneous adipose tissue across four developmental stages (30, 90, 150, and 210 days) using whole-genome resequencing and transcriptome sequencing data. A total of 86,540 RNA editing sites were identified, with A-to-G conversions being the predominant type (95.73%). These sites were primarily located in intronic regions (80.35%) and highly enriched within the pig-specific SINE retrotransposon PRE-1 (63.08% of all sites). Differential editing analysis revealed 2,023 differentially edited sites (DESs), corresponding to 956 genes, which were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and PI3K-Akt pathway. Temporal clustering analysis identified nine distinct editing patterns, demonstrating stage-specific functional dynamics: early-stage (30 days) events were predominantly involved in catabolic processes; mid-stage events shifted toward PPAR and PI3K-Akt signaling; and late-stage (210 days) events were mainly associated with autophagy and focal adhesion pathways-indicating functional reprogramming of RNA editing during adipogenesis. Integrated protein-protein interaction (PPI) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified hub genes including FOXO3, MAPK1, and PPP2CA, and revealed stage-specific co-editing modules-MEgreen associated with early proliferation and MEturquoise with late-stage maturation. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides a comprehensive RNA editing atlas of adipose development in the Ningxiang pig, revealing its potential role in regulating fat deposition and offering new insights into post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in swine.

Recent studies have emphasized the significance of epistatic effects in unraveling the underlying genetic architectures of complex traits. However, the rich landscape of biological interactions is often disregarded when statistically modeling epistatic effects for the purpose of dissecting and predicting complex traits/diseases. In this study, we utilize KEGG pathways as carriers of biological interactions, thereby bridging the gap between statistical and biological interactions and enable to capture the epistatic effects of complex traits. We introduce biBLUP (biological interaction best linear unbiased prediction) model for modelling the epistatic effects among genes from the KEGG pathways. Simulation experiments demonstrate that biBLUP effectively captures two- and three-dimensional interaction effects underlying complex traits across diverse scenarios, resulting in a maximum increase of 62% in the predictive accuracy of the simulated complex traits. In a specific application on data consisted of 6,642 yeast lines, biBLUP successfully links complex phenotypes to biological pathways. By modeling the genetic interaction effects within the KEGG pathway associated with allantoin utilization, biBLUP achieves 40.36% improvement in accuracy for predicting the growth rate of yeast. Additionally, our study demonstrates that the incorporation of KEGG into biBLUP effectively captures the validated epistatic effects related to the flowering time of rice. This integration results in an improvement of 16.29% in the accuracy for predicting the flowering time of rice using biBLUP. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying complex traits and improves our ability to predict and study complex phenotypes more comprehensively.

Genomic prediction has emerged as a pivotal technology for the genetic evaluation of livestock, crops, and for predicting human disease risks. However, classical genomic prediction methods face challenges in incorporating biological prior information such as the genetic regulation mechanisms of traits. This study introduces a novel approach that integrates mRNA transcript information to predict complex trait phenotypes. To evaluate the accuracy of the new method, we utilized a Drosophila population that is widely employed in quantitative genetics researches globally. Results indicate that integrating mRNA transcript data can significantly enhance the genomic prediction accuracy for certain traits, though it does not improve phenotype prediction accuracy for all traits. Compared with GBLUP, the prediction accuracy for olfactory response to dCarvone in male Drosophila increased from 0.256 to 0.274. Similarly, the accuracy for cafe in male Drosophila rose from 0.355 to 0.401. The prediction accuracy for survival_paraquat in male Drosophila is improved from 0.101 to 0.138. In female Drosophila, the accuracy of olfactory response to 1hexanol increased from 0.147 to 0.210. In conclusion, integrating mRNA transcripts can substantially improve genomic prediction accuracy of certain traits by up to 43%, with range of 7% to 43%. Furthermore, for some traits, considering interaction effects along with mRNA transcript integration can lead to even higher prediction accuracy.

This study aimed to identify active miRNA editing sites during adipose development in Ningxiang pigs and analyze their characteristics and functions. Based on small RNA-seq data from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Ningxiang pigs at four stages—30 days (piglet), 90 days (nursery), 150 days (early fattening), and 210 days (late fattening)—we constructed a developmental map of miRNA editing in the adipose tissues of Ningxiang pigs. A total of 505 miRNA editing sites were identified using the revised pipeline, with C-to-U editing types being the most prevalent, followed by U-to-C, A-to-G, and G-to-U. Importantly, these four types of miRNA editing exhibited base preferences. The number of editing sites showed obvious differences among age groups, with the highest occurrence of miRNA editing events observed at 90 days of age and the lowest at 150 days of age. A total of nine miRNA editing sites were identified in the miRNA seed region, with significant differences in editing levels (p < 0.05) located in ssc-miR-23a, ssc-miR-27a, ssc-miR-30b-5p, ssc-miR-15a, ssc-miR-497, ssc-miR-15b, and ssc-miR-425-5p, respectively. Target gene prediction and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the editing of miR-497 might potentially regulate fat deposition by inhibiting adipose synthesis via influencing target binding. These results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of pig fat deposition.

BACKGROUND:Uremic pruritus (UP) or chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is one of the most intractable dermatologic symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to investigate the antipruritic effects of acupuncture on UP/CKD-aP and suggested a significant therapeutic effect, while the evidence supporting the application of acupuncture is limited. OBJECTIVES:This study will assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for patients with UP/CKD-aP. METHODS:Data Sources: RCTs will be searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal and www.ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to 31st August 2024. Study eligibility criteria: RCTs in English and Chinese conducted on UP/CKD-aP patients will be included. Participants: Adult patients diagnosed with UP/CKD-aP will be included. Interventions: All acupuncture interventions in the management of UP/CKD-aP will be included, compared with no treatment, placebo or sham acupuncture, or other treatment agents. Outcome measures: The primary outcome will be the change in the severity of itching evaluated by validated scales. Study appraisal and svnthesis methods: If necessary, a meta-analysis will be performed for the pooled therapeutic effect by Review Manager 5.3, or a qualitative descriptive analysis will be presented. The data will be transformed into the risk ratio (RR) for binary data and the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD for continuous data for analysis. RESULTS:This review will update evidence of RCTs evaluating acupuncture for UP/CKD-aP. LIMITATIONS:Anticipated challenges contain the methodological and clinical heterogeneity in terms of evaluation tools and acupuncture interventions within included studies. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS:It will benefit patients and impact health-care decision-making regarding the models of care that are feasible for patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION:PROSPERO CRD42021257001.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections lead to severe respiratory diseases in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for the global swine industry. While numerous studies have focused on specific gene functions or pathway activities during infection, an investigation of shared immune responses in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) after ASFV and PRRSV infections was lacking. In this study, we conducted a comparison using two single-cell transcriptomic datasets generated from PAMs under ASFV and PRRSV infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) RIG-I (DDX58), MDA5 (IFIH1), and LGP2 (DHX58) were identified as particularly recognizing ASFV and PRRSV, triggering cellular defense responses, including the upregulation of four cytokine families (CCL, CXCL, IL, and TNF) and the induction of pyroptosis. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis, we identified thirteen gene and protein interactions shared by both scRNA-seq analyses, suggesting the ability to inhibit both ASFV and PRRSV viral replication. We discovered six proteins (PARP12, PARP14, HERC5, DDX60, RSAD2, and MNDA) in PAMs as inhibitors of ASFV and PRRSV replication. Collectively, our findings showed detailed characterizations of the immune responses in PAMs during ASFV and PRRSV infections, which may facilitate the treatments of these viral diseases.

This study aimed to identify miRNA editing sites during adipose tissue development in Ningxiang pigs and analyze their characteristics and functions. Based on the small RNA-seq data from subcutaneous adipose tissue samples of Ningxiang pigs at four stages (30, 90, 150 and 210 days), we constructed a developmental atlas of the miRNA editome in adipose tissue of Ningxiang pigs. The characteristics and functions of this editome were further explored through bioinformatics analysis. The findings revealed that a total of 505 miRNA editing sites were identified with C-to-U editing types being the most prevalent, followed by U-to-C, A-to-G and G-to-U. Importantly, these four types of miRNA editing exhibited a base preference. The number of editing sites showed obvious differences among age groups, with the highest occurrence of miRNA editing events observed at 90 days of age and the lowest at 150 days of age. In the miRNA seed region, a total of 9 miRNA editing sites were identified with significant differences in editing levels (P < 0.05), and located in ssc-miR-23a, ssc-miR-27a, ssc-miR-30b-5p, ssc-miR-15a, ssc-miR-497, ssc-miR-15b, and ssc-miR-425-5p, respectively. Target gene prediction and enrichment analysis revealed that the editing of miR-497 may potentially regulate fat deposition by inhibiting adipose synthesis via influencing target binding. These results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of pig fat deposition.

The Ningxiang pig, one of the well-known Chinese native pig breeds, has the advantages of tender meat, high intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and roughage tolerance, compared to the commercial lean pig breeds. The genetic basis for complex traits in Ningxiang pigs has been previously studied through other genetic markers, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), while the characteristics of copy number variation (CNV) and the selection signal have not been investigated yet. In this study, GGP 50 k genotyping data of 2242 Ningxiang pigs (NX) and 1137 Duroc pigs (Duroc) were involved in CNV atlas construction and selection signals identification. Annotations of genes and quantitative trait locus (QTLs) were performed on the target candidate regions, as follows: (1) 162 CNVs were detected in Ningxiang pigs, while 326 CNVs were detected in Duroc pigs, and there are 21 copy number variation regions (CNVRs) shared between them; (2) The CNVRs of Duroc are more abundant, with 192 CNVRs, accounting for 1.61% of the entire genome, while those of Ningxiang pigs only have 98 CNVRs, accounting for 0.49%; (3) The QTLs annotated on CNVs and selected regions of Ningxiang pigs were mainly associated with meat quality and fertility. In contrast, the Duroc QTLs’ notes relate primarily to the carcass and immunity, and explain why they have a higher slaughter rate and immunity; (4) There is a presence of high-frequency acquired CNVs, specifically in Ningxiang pigs, with 24 genes significantly enriched in the sensory receptor-related pathway in this region; (5) Based on the CNVs atlas, candidate genes such as 3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 3 (ITPR3), forkhead box protein K2 (FOXK2), G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), and other candidate genes related to fat deposition and differentiation were screened. In general, this study improved our knowledge about copy number variation and selection signal information of Ningxiang pigs, which can not only further explain the genetic differences between Chinese native and Western commercial pig breeds, but also provide new materials for the analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits.

The strategy of combining reference populations has been widely recognized as an effective way to enhance the accuracy of genomic prediction (GP). This study investigated the efficiency of genomic prediction using prior information and combined reference population. In total, prior information considering trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS meta-analysis) was incorporated into three models to assess the performance of GP using combined reference populations. Two different Yorkshire populations with imputed whole genome sequence (WGS) data (9,741,620 SNPs), named as P1 (1259 individuals) and P2 (1018 individuals), were used to predict genomic estimated breeding values for three live carcass traits, including backfat thickness, loin muscle area, and loin muscle depth. A 10 × 5 fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of 203 randomly selected candidate pigs from the P2 population and the reference population consisted of the remaining pigs from P2 and the stepwise added pigs from P1. By integrating SNPs with different p-value thresholds from GWAS meta-analysis downloaded from PigGTEx Project, the prediction accuracy of GBLUP, genomic feature BLUP (GFBLUP) and GBLUP given genetic architecture (BLUP|GA) were compared. Moreover, we explored effects of reference population size and heritability enrichment of genomic features on the prediction accuracy improvement of GFBLUP and BLUP|GA relative to GBLUP. The prediction accuracy of GBLUP using all WGS markers showed average improvement of 4.380% using the P1 + P2 reference population compared with the P2 reference population. Using the combined reference population, GFBLUP and BLUP|GA yielded 6.179% and 5.525% higher accuracies than GBLUP using all SNPs based on the single reference population, respectively. Positive regression coefficients were estimated in relation to the improvement in prediction accuracy (between GFBLUP/BLUP|GA and GBLUP) and the size of the reference as well as the heritability enrichment of genomic features. Compared to the classic GBLUP model, GFBLUP and BLUP|GA models integrating GWAS meta-analysis information increase the prediction accuracy and using combined populations with enlarged reference population size further enhances prediction accuracy of the two approaches. The heritability enrichment of genomic features can be used as an indicator to reflect weather prior information is accurately presented.

Recent research has identified ADAR1 as a participant in the regulation of lipid accumulation in mice. However, there are no reports on the roles of ADAR1 in proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of porcine preadipocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of ADAR1 in differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes using CCK-8, EdU staining, cell cycle detection, RT-qPCR, Western blot, a triglyceride assay and Oil Red O staining. The over-expression of ADAR1 significantly promoted proliferation but inhibited the differentiation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes. The inhibition of ADAR1 had the opposite effect on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes with over-expressed ADAR1. Then, the regulation mechanisms of ADAR1 on preadipocyte proliferation were identified using RNA-seq, and 197 DEGs in response to ADAR1 knockdown were identified. The MAPK signaling pathway is significantly enriched, indicating its importance in mediating fat accumulation regulated by ADAR1. The study’s findings will aid in uncovering the mechanisms that regulate fat accumulation through ADAR1.

Background In recent years, the incidence of herpes zoster has risen steeply, the exact pathogenesis of the acute pain and the transformation into postherpetic neuralgia are still obscure, and the absence of effective management remains a major therapeutic challenge. The purpose of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited papers on herpes zoster. Materials and methods Related literature were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Excel and VOSviewer software were applied to quantitatively analyze, and construct the bibliometric network charts. Results The Top 100 most-cited papers published between 2000 and 2018 showed a fluctuating downward trend. The most studies were published in the year of 2000 (n = 12). The article entitled “A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults” from Oxman MN, was the most-cited publication. The United States was the most contributing country, followed by the United Kingdom, and Italy. Finland occupied the highest citations per publication (CPP). The University of Colorado topped the list of institutions with the most publications with 18 articles and also had the most citations (average citations: 281.78 per article). Myron J Levin from the University of Colorado School of Medicine is the most published and most cited researcher overall, whereas Duke University’s John W Gnann tops the list in terms of average CPP. Conclusion In terms of the quantity of T100 articles, researchers, and organizations, the US is the predominant country. The most T100 papers were published in the special journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. The most academic focus remain the remedies for postherpetic neuralgia and vaccine development for individualized groups.