为探索晒黄烟的最佳调制工艺,以宁乡市优良晒黄烟品种寸三皮为材料,采用调制棚进行棚内调制,比较了2侧棚膜的不同敞开高度(T1,开棚高度30 cm;T2,开棚高度90 cm;T3,棚膜完全敞开,开棚高度150 cm)对晒黄烟烟叶失水规律及化学品质的影响,以常规露天晾晒为对照.结果表明:在天气良好的情况下,棚内调制的前3 d是烟叶失水、变黄的关键时期,棚膜敞开高度越高,棚内温度、相对湿度越接近棚外调制环境;T3处理烟叶的总糖含量(27.52％)、还原糖含量(23.71％)、糖碱比(10.52)、两糖比(0.862)均高于其他处理,且1,2-乙二醇(33.501％)、新植二烯(0.728％)、糠醛(0.026％)、巨豆三烯酮(0.012％)等主要香气物质含量显著提升.综合化学成分及香气代谢产物来看,各处理烟叶品质由高到低排列依次为T3、T1、CK、T2,以T3处理的调制效果最好,即2侧棚膜完全敞开调制的烟叶品质较优.

为掌握烟区土壤化学性状特征,2015年对永州市79个种烟乡镇689个植烟土壤取样调查和统计分析.结果 表明,烟区土壤pH偏高,土壤有机质和阳离子交换量(CEC)丰富,分别有92.6％的土壤有机质和91.6％的CEC处于中等级别以上水平,植烟土壤肥力水平较高.土壤pH、有机质和CEC均存在正相关关系.通过聚类分析将烟区划分为2大特征区域,因地制宜,合理施肥及土壤保育.

In order to explore the optimal phosphorus application rate of tobacco in Yongzhou area and provide scientific basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer in tobacco production, field plot experiments with 4 phosphorus application rates were conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus application rate on the growth period, agronomic characters and economic characters of tobacco. The results showed that when the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer was 135, 135 and 418.5 kg/hm2, respectively, namely the ratio of 1:1:3.1, the field growth period was the shortest, only 107 d; the agronomic characters and physical indexes showed good results in their performance; the ratio of superior tobacco leaves, average price and output value were 49.36％、26.04 yuan/kg and 56064.12 yuan/hm2 respectively, significantly higher than that of other treatments. Therefore, the suitable phosphorus application in Yongzhou tobacco area was 135 kg/hm2. In conclusion, rational phosphorus application rate was conducive to accelerating the growth and development of tobacco plant and early harvest; it could also effectively increase the output value and yield of tobacco leaves and was more conducive to the formation of high-quality tobacco leaves.

目前国内市场提供的沉香来源广泛,品种繁杂,包括国内沉香和进口沉香,而进口沉香来源的国家地区又各有不同,本文对国内外沉香的质量评价及主要药理活性进行了研究总结,旨为沉香药材的应用以及进一步深入研究提供一定的参考.