Objective To examine the impact of obesity on depression and the differencebetween boys and girls among middle school students in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for formulating mental health interventions and reducing the incidence of depression. Methods By using stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 4179 students from middle school in Wuhan were surveyed by questionnaire（the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, CES-D）. The chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression by gender were performed to analyze the influence factors of depression. Results The prevalence rate of depression was 29.82%,32.46% in girls and 27.49% in boys.Logistic regression analysis by gender showed that obesity was risk factor for depression among girls only（OR=1.619）. Screen media time with more than 2 hours（boys: OR=1.339,girls: OR=1.794） and sleep deprivation（boys: OR=2.140,girls: OR=1.571） were common risk factors of depression for both boys and girls.Outdoor exercise（boys: OR=0.667,girls: OR=0.780） was common protective factor for both boys and girls.Living in rural areas（OR=1.477,P＜0.05） and uppergrades（OR=1.445） were risk factors of depression among boys.Single/step families（OR=1.563） was risk factors while moderate to high intensity exercise（OR=0.771） was protective factors for depression among girls. Conclusion The depression rate among middle school students in Wuhan is at high level, relatively among girls.Helping girls maintain healthy aestheticand promoting healthy lifestyle will help to reduce the incidence of depression.

目的 探讨18～44岁城市居民社会资本与心理健康的影响.方法 采用社会资本量表和简要症状量表,通过多水平分层空间随机抽样方法抽取武汉市1249名18～44岁城市居民,使用电脑语音辅助自答问卷技术进行问卷调查.结果 相关分析结果显示,结型社会资本信任程度、互惠帮助与社会资源,桥型社会资本中获得帮助、组织数量得分与心理健康状况所有维度或某些维度得分呈负相关(P<0.001～0.046).控制了社会人口学等因素后,广义线性模型结果显示,结型社会资本中信任程度与互惠帮助、桥型社会资本中获得帮助维度,对心理健康状况有积极影响.结型社会资本中代表权益维度对心理健康状况有消极影响(P<0.001～0.042).结论 社会资本中信任程度、互惠帮助、获得帮助对城市居民心理健康状况有积极作用,部分桥型社会资本也对心理健康状况存在消极作用.

目的 分析武汉市青少年超重与肥胖流行现状及对被欺凌状况的影响,为制订相关干预措施提供思路.方法 采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取武汉市3 251名小学高年级、初中、高中学生进行欺凌量表问卷调查;并对其进行体格检查,了解超重与肥胖情况.结果 学生超重率为16.09％(523名),肥胖率为13.69％(445名).过去的30 d内,732名青少年曾经被欺凌,占22.52％;101名经常被欺凌,占3.11％.在控制城乡、年龄等因素的情况下,男生超重与肥胖与是否被欺凌之间的关系无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);处于超重或肥胖状态的女生更容易被欺凌(OR值分别为1.78,1.58,P值均＜0.05).结论 超重与肥胖状态对于青少年的身心发育具有一定影响,可能会提高女生被欺凌的可能性.应采取措施降低儿童青少年超重与肥胖率,并树立健康的审美观,降低欺凌发生率.

目的 通过编制初中生健康自评调查表以评价青少年健康现况,为相关量表的研制提供基础.方法 采用文献法、专家小组讨论编制健康自评调查表,对武汉两所学校的878名初中生初测,以项目鉴别度分析、探索性因子分析筛选条目,验证性因子分析验证调查表结构效度.结果 调查表应答率与有效率分别为98.29％、99.65％.调查表由心理自评、智力自评、身体自评、良性校园关系、负性校园关系、精神信念、情感7个维度33个条目组成.调查表评价内部一致性信度Cronbach's a系数为0.92,各维度Cronbach's α系数在0.76～0.92之间,分半信度在0.68～0.91之间,评价效度的因子负荷在0.38～0.86之间,验证性因子分析中x2/df=1.55,CFI = 0.99,NFI = 0.96,RMSEA= 0.025.结论 初中生健康自评调查表具有良好的信度、效度,可作为初中生人群健康水平研究的工具.

Objective To analysis necessity and feasibility of developing the general practitioners teams' health intervention skills in China and promote the development strategies to do the work smoothly.Methods Using the content analysis to collect and summarize the literature related to community health education.The SWOT analysis method was adopted to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for general practitioner developing theory and skills.Results The community health education service mainly focused on the establishment of health promotion bulletin boards, the distribution of leaflets and health education prescriptions, and the broadcast of health education videos.The mode of transmission was inefficient to promote individual behavior change.The advantages of developing healthy behavior intervention skills for general practitioners under the Health China 2030 Plan included resources, organization and management, and information and data.The national policy support, the gradual improvement of primary health care network, and the increasing health needs were opportunities for implementation the work.The weakness and threats were obvious including the lack of a comprehensive health education and training planning and certification standards, the lack of understanding of health behavior intervention work and health intervention work compensation mechanism.Furthermore, individual behavior changes were affected by many factors with possibility of degradation and lower information utilization.Conclusion We should take advantage of general practitioners contracted service to improve the professional level of health interventions and evolution, to innovating intervention models and improve personnel training and certification system, enhance multi-channel compensation mechanism.

Objectives To describe the changes of prevalence,awareness and control status of senile diabetic melli-tus(DM)in Wuhan city from 2012—2014 after a free physical examination for the elderly.Methods Subjects were from those participated in the free medical examination of residents aged over 65 years in 2012 and 2014.The diagno-sis of DM and IFG was made according to fasting blood-glucose,in combination with the survey of previous DM di-agnosis in local hospitals.Results Compared with the data of 2012,the DM prevalence rate increased by 1.78%,and the impaired fasting glucose rate slightly decreased.The awareness rate and control rate were significantly improved from 62.57% and 35.08% in 2012 to 67.66% and 39.73% in 2014(P<0.01).The growth of awareness and con-trol in rural area were more than those in urban area.The physical exercise achieved rate in 2014 was significantly higher than that in 2012.Conclusions The DM prevalence rate of old residents is still increasing,but the impaired fasting glucose rate decreased after a free physical examination.The awareness rate and control rate were significant-ly improved.It is necessary to enhance the publicity and education about DM knowledge.Free regular physical exami-nation is of important social significance to be aware of and control the DM of old people in Wuhan.

Objectives To analyze the seasonal trends of the monthly inpatient number and hospital expenses in primary health care facilities ,and predict the future trends with seasonal ARIMA model.Methods We establish the time series models by the SAS system ,based on the inpatient number and hospital costs among primary health care facilities from 2011 to 2014 ,and analyze seasonal and annual changes ,forecast the next three months'inpatient num-ber and hospital expenses respectively.Results The monthly inpatient number increased year by year with two peak in winter and spring ,one valley in the Spring Festival. Per capita hospital expenses had slow rise trend from 1280 in March 2011 to Nov 2014 ,with 11.8％ ,annual growth rate.The monthly inpatient number model was ARIMA(0 ,1 , 1)× (0 ,1 ,1)12 ,AIC=564.4635 ,SBC=568.6671 ,Per capita expenses model was ARIMA(2 ,1 ,2)× (0 ,1 ,0)12 , AIC=382.1075 ,SBC=387.5767. The observation values of monthly inpatient number and hospital costs were all in the 95％ confidence internals ,the Mean Relative Error of monthly inpatient number was 9.03％ ,of which the hos-pital costs model was 0.31％.Conclusions ARIMA seasonal models can be well used to predict the monthly inpa-tient number and hospital costs in short periods. The monthly inpatient number increases year by year with season's fluctuations. Per capital hospitalization expense has a slow rise and stable trend. It is necessary to enhance allocation of regional health resource and improve common diseases diagnosis and treatment technology in primary health care facilities .

Objectives To evaluate the equilibrium of the allocation of resource among the governmental health management institutions and professionals,to provide references for improving public health resources alloca-tion.Methods 13 counties in Wuhan were involved.Descriptive statistical method and Lorenz curve and Gini Coeffi-cient were used to analyze the whole allocation of the 21 6 health management institutions and 729 profession-als.Theil index was used to evaluate the differences of interregional allocation.Results According to the ground of the service population and geography,the distributions of professionals were relatively unfair.The Gini coefficients were 0.467 and 0.580 respectively,the Theil index were 0.384 and 0.735 respectively.Based on the population and geographical distribution,the allocation of governmental health management institutions’was relatively equal because the Gini coefficients was 0.1 75 and the Theil index was 0.05 1.But its allocation was poorly balanced because the Gi-ni coefficients was 0.507 and the Theil index was 0.621 respectively.Basing on the area allocation,differences be-tween urban and rural was the main reason for resources disparity,with contributing rate of 54.29% and 83.89%respectively.Basing on the population allocation,the main reason exist in urban group and rural group respectively, with contributing rate of 92.32% and 84.62% respectively.Conclusions There are two main reasons which influ-ence the equilibrium of the allocation resource:one is the difference of the allocation between urban and rural area, another is the disproportionality which based on rural geographical area.It is necessary to improve the whole level of health management resource and distribution of rural area institution in Wuhan area,and enhance the service abilities of village clinics.