The work investigates the thermoelectric effect in mixtures of colloidal solutions with ionic electrolytes in the initial state, when the formation of concentration gradients under the influence of an inhomogeneous temperature field can be neglected. Based on experimental measurements in mixtures with different concentrations of colloidal particles and ions, the conditions under which with the coefficient of thermoelectric electromotive force (EMF) is governed by the ionic subsystem and when the main contribution to the value of the thermoelectric EMF is made by colloidal particles are determined.

The paper deals with the results of experiments to investigate the thermoelectrokinetic effect in colloidal solutions of tannin. As the theoretical analysis and results of mathematical modeling show, in the classical formulation of the experiment to measure the thermoelectrokinetic EMF, significant upward free-convective flows should be formed, which significantly distort the temperature and velocity field of the electrically conducting medium. In addition, in this case it is impossible to achieve a significant temperature gradient, the value of thermoelectrokinetic EMF depends on its value. As experiments show, in colloidal solutions of tannin at suppression of free-convective flows a noticeable thermoelectrokinetic effect is observed, which exceeds similar values for solutions of ionic electrolytes.

The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of thermoelectromotive force and electrical conductivity of animal blood samples and Ringer's medical solution, which are similar in their properties and chemical composition to human blood. The influence of the contributions of the ionic component and the contribution of blood corpuscles on the value of the thermoelectromotive force coefficient is analyzed. The effect of dilution with distilled water on thermoelectric properties and electrical conductivity of blood has been studied. The influence of the ionic composition of a model medical Ringer's solution on the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force is analyzed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force of the blood samples under study is determined to a greater extent by the colloidal component of the shaped elements than by the contribution of the ionic subsystem. The results obtained indicate that thermoelectric phenomena in biological fluids can affect the activation of biochemical processes in the body of animals. Keywords: thermoEMF, electrical conductivity, colloidal solutions, blood plasma.

The thermoelectric effect is investigated in mixtures of colloidal solutions with ionic electrolytes in the initial state, when the formation of concentration gradients under the influence of an inhomogeneous temperature field can be neglected. Based on experimental measurements in mixtures with different concentrations of colloidal particles and ions, the conditions under with the coefficient of thermoelectric EMF is determined by the ion subsystem and under which the main contribution to the value of the thermoelectric force is made by colloidal particles are determined.

The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of thermoelectromotive force and electrical conductivity of animal blood samples and Ringer's medical solution, which are similar in their properties and chemical composition to human blood. The influence of the contributions of the ionic component and the contribution of blood corpuscles on the value of the thermoelectromotive force coefficient is analyzed. The effect of dilution with distilled water on thermoelectric properties and electrical conductivity of blood has been studied. The influence of the ionic composition of a model medical Ringer's solution on the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force is analyzed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force of the blood samples under study is determined to a greater extent by the colloidal component of the shaped elements than by the contribution of the ionic subsystem. The results obtained indicate that thermoelectric phenomena in biological fluids can affect the activation of biochemical processes in the body of animals.

The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of thermoelectromotive force, thermoelectrokinetic EMF and conductivity coefficient in aqueous solutions, model in their properties and composition of human blood: medical ringer solution, serum albumin, ringer solution containing serum albumin. The influence of organic colloidal particles present in aqueous solutions of inorganic electrolytes on the value of their coefficient of thermoelectromotive force is analyzed. As follows from the results of the experiments, the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force of the studied liquids, based on the ringer solution, has a sharp dependence on temperature and acquires a large value in the temperature range in which the living human body functions. The obtained result indicates that the studied phenomena can play an important role in triggering the mechanisms of thermoregulation of living organisms.

Thermo- and thermoelectrokinetic emf and conductivity are experimentally determined for aqueous solutions the properties and composition of which are similar to human blood (Ringer solution, serum albumin, and Ringer solution with serum albumin). Effect of colloid particles contained in aqueous solutions of inorganic electrolytes on thermo-emf is analyzed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of thermo-emf of liquids based on the Ringer solution noticeably depends on temperature and amounts to significant levels at temperatures of human body. The results indicate that the effects under study may play an important role in triggering of thermoregulation of living organisms.

On the basis of mathematical modeling and exper-iment the analysis of thermoelectric and thermoelectrokineticphenomena in colloidal solutions is carried out. It is shownthatcolloidal particles make a significant contribution to thevalue ofthermoelectric and thermoelectrokinetic emf and in most casesdetermine the sign of the thermoelectric emf coefficient, primarilydue to the high values of the heat transfer of colloidal particlescompared to ions.

The thermoelectric and thermoelectrokinetic phenomena in colloidal solutions are analyzed based on mathematical modeling and an experiment. It is shown that colloidal particles make a significant contribution to the value of the thermoelectric and thermoelectrokinetic emf and determine in most cases the sign of the thermoelectric emf coefficient, primarily due to the large values of the transfer heat of colloidal particles in comparison with ions.

Thermoelectric and thermoelectrokinetic phenomena have been studied in liquids that could serve as analogs for biological liquids, namely, physiological (Ringer’s) solution that is isotonic to blood plasma and iron (III) hydroxide colloid solution. The thermoelectric (Seebeck) coefficient and thermoelectrokinetic coefficient have been measured. The results indicate that the above phenomena are associated with the electrical properties of bioliquids representing charged colloids and may play an essential role in them.

Infrared transmission (λ=10.6 µm) of samples consisting of two symmetric plane-parallel halves of a Bi single crystal separated by a gap were studied in a pulsed magnetic field. Oscillations associated with interband optical transitions involving Landau levels were observed at 80–280 K. The temperature dependences of the energy gap, effective masses, and relaxation time of carriers were determined.

Transmission spectra of infrared laser radiation (λ=10.6 µm) passed through samples consisting of two symmetric halves of an antimony single crystal separated by a small gap are investigated in pulsed magnetic fields B⩽20 T at temperatures T⩾80 K. The magnetoplasma effect was observed for the magnetic induction B≈15 T, with change in the transmission close to 100%. The magnetoplasma relaxation time has been determined. The possibility of using such objects as IR optical valves with response time not worse than 10−4 s is demonstrated.

The results of an investigation of the transmission of a symmetric bismuth stripline at T=80 K at the laser wavelength λ=10.6 µm in magnetic fields up to B=8 T are reported. A set of parameters is obtained for the energy spectrum of the L electrons of bismuth by modeling the shape of the experimental curve on the basis of a modified Baraff model. The values of the parameters in the McClure-Choi model are found from an analysis of the field positions of the maxima of the mageto-optic oscillations.