Membranes have always been an important part of a diverse range of biotechnological processes. Nowadays, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation, chromatography, pervaporation, electrodialysis and other membrane-based processes are integral part of biotechnological production, enabling the resolution of various technological challenges. First membrane systems, used in biotechnology was taken from other fields. However, over the past 45 years, new materials and components have been developed for specific biotechnological applications. Membranes are highly suitable for use with biomolecules: relatively low temperature and pressure, no need for phase transitions or addition of chemical compounds. As a result, the risks of degradation, denaturation or inactivation of biotechnological products are reduced to a minimum. Currently, membrane-based technologies offer the best solutions for processes such as sterilizing filtration, clarification, cell culture cultivation, virus removal, and protein concentration and purification. Processes involving membrane bioreactors and membrane chromatography are becoming more and more common. In the review, the current state of development in membrane technology is presented, as well as the description of materials used for membranes and the characteristics of the membrane systems used in commercial production. Appliance for membrane separation processes can be quite expensive, but it is more energy-efficient than traditional separation methods. Due to their design, membrane systems are typically compact and have a modular structure, which allows to use of the same equipment to solve various tasks. It is discussed that future developments in membrane technology will be able to meet the increasing demands for higher productivity, lower production costs, and accelerate the development of the biotechnology.

The dielectric characteristics of heat – resistant synthetic foams based on cenospheres (floating fly ash particles of thermal power plants) and a heat-resistant binder based on linear aromatic polyamide-poly-m-phenylenizophthalamide were studied. Syntactic foams were prepared by mixing cenospheres with a solution of poly-m-phenylenizophthalamide in dimethylacetamide, forming the samples at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and then heat treatment at 1600C. The dielectric characteristics were measured by the waveguide method in the microwave radio range on a specialized laboratory stand consisting of a precision measuring line P1-20, a microwave module on a Gann diode, a ferrite valve and a standard rectangular waveguide with a cross section of 23*10 mm with a sample placed inside. The values of the permittivity and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle at the frequencies of 8-12 GHz are calculated. The dependences of the dielectric characteristics on the frequency and content of the components in the syntactic foam are obtained. It is found that with an increase in the polymer content, an increase in the dielectric constant and the tangent of dielectric losses at frequencies from 8 GHz to 12 GHz is observed.

The survival of mice was determined 30 days after exposure to protons, carbon ions, or X-rays in the presence and absence of xylazine-zoletil anesthesia. The anesthesia used was shown to increase the lifespan of mice during the specified period for photons and most applied doses of protons and carbon. The maximum effect of anesthesia was observed when irradiated with carbon ions (by 3.3 times), with protons (by 1.7 times), and with X-ray radiation (by 1.7–2 times), which should be taken into account when selecting doses. This indicates the specificity of the combined effect of anesthesia and the physical characteristics of radiation.

Antifungal activity of newly synthesized submicrometer particles of the CsTeMoO6 complex metal oxide was studied. They were found to inhibit spore germination of active micromycete degraders of industrial materials both in the dark and under illumination. Illumination increased the fungicidal activity of the studied compounds due to their photocatalytic activity. This is the first report on production of micromycete-resistant composites of a number of polymers containing the complex metal oxides CsTeMoO6 and RbTe1.5W0.5O6. Upon addition of the studied complex oxides into the composition of the previously micromycete-sensitive materials, the latter were found to exhibit micromycete resistance both in the dark and under illumination. Treatment with light resulted in a more pronounced antifungal effect.

The reaction of methyl anthranilate with 2-methylphenyl- iso -selenocyanate in boiling absolute ethanol affords a new compound: 3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-selenoxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 Н )-one (HL). Free ligand HL, which is selone, is preliminarily transformed into the corresponding sodium selenolate [C 15 H 11 N 2 OSeNa] ( I) , which is then used without isolation in the reaction with cadmium chloride. This reaction leads to the formation of complex [Cd 2 (μ-L) 2 (L) 2 (C 2 H 5 OH) 2 ] ( II ). The structures of the compounds are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF files CCDC nos. 2142342 (НL) and 2246014 ( II )) and NMR spectroscopy ( 1 Н, 13 С, 15 N, and 77 Se). In the crystal, the molecules of HL form one-dimensional chains due to H…O and H…Se contacts and alternate in the syndiotactic order. Compound II is the centrosymmetric binuclear complex [C 64 H 56 Cd 2 N 8 O 6 Se 4 ]. The cadmium atoms in complex II are hexacoordinated by two chelate anionic ligands L – . According to the NMR data, in a DMSO-d 6 solution free ligand HL has the selone structure, whereas in cadmium complex II this ligand exists in the selenolate form, which is consistent with the XRD data on the crystal structures of the compounds.

The submicron particles effect of heavy metal oxides WO3, CsTeMoO6 и RbTe1.5W0.5O6 with photocatalytic activity on the content of hydrogen peroxide and the activity of extracellular oxidoreductases (catalase, peroxidase) in the cultivation medium of the Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum fungi was studied. Addition of the studied compounds to the cultivation medium reduced the H2O2 content for both fungi. An ambiguous effect of the studied compounds on the activity of extracellular catalase and peroxidase was noted. In most cases, these compounds caused an increase in the activity of the studied enzymes both under light and in the dark. A significant decrease in activity was shown only for exocatalases of both fungi under the influence of WO3 and under the influence of CsTeMoO6 in P. chrysogenum.

Gas transport and physico-mechanical properties of synthesized films based on modified starch and chitosan have been studied. The values of the permeability coefficients of pure gases included in the air for films based on modified chitosan and a copolymer based on modified starch and chitosan at a temperature of 23°C were determined. The oxygen permeability coefficient of the synthesized copolymer was compared with other polymers. A copolymer based on modified starch and chitosan was found to have medium oxygen barrier properties. The biodegradability of the samples under the action of the micromycete Aspergillus niger was studied by analyzing the degradation products by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total biodegradation time of the samples was 4 weeks. These films are promising for use as packaging material.

The submicron particles effect of heavy metal oxides WO3, CsTeMoO6 и RbTe1.5W0.5O6 with photocatalytic activity on the content of hydrogen peroxide and the activity of extracellular oxidoreductases (catalase, peroxidase) in the cultivation medium of the Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum fungi was studied. Addition of the studied compounds to the cultivation medium reduced the H2O2 content for both fungi. An ambiguous effect of the studied compounds on the activity of extracellular catalase and peroxidase was noted. In most cases, these compounds caused an increase in the activity of the studied enzymes both under light and in the dark. A significant decrease in activity was shown only for exocatalases of both fungi under the influence of WO3 and under the influence of CsTeMoO6 in P. chrysogenum.

Abstract The structure, tensile strength and thermo-physical properties of chitosan films reinforced by TiO2 nanoparticles and obtained from aqueous solutions of various acids - hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid - were investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles concentration was from 0.5 to 10 wt.% relative to the chitosan weight. The tensile strengths of all chitosan films prepared from aqueous solutions of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid containing TiO2 nanoparticles were greater than 80 MPa, while this characteristic for initial chitosan was approximately 35 MPa. The highest tensile strength was 127 MPa with an elongation of 13% was found for samples with TiO2 concentration 0.5 wt.% and obtained using acetic acid. These effects can be attributed to changes in the film structure when TiO2 small amount was added to it which was confirmed by IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A glass transition temperature increasing of the samples were determined in the TiO2 presence. Moreover, the films exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and were able to biodegrade.

The results of studying a polyfunctional heat-resistant composition based on oligodimethylsiloxane with terminal hydroxyl groups filled with boron nitride are presented. The influence of boron nitride on the physical-mechanical, thermophysical and electrical properties of the sealing composition is shown. The dependence of thermal conductivity coefficient, electrical resistivity and other characteristics on the content of the modifier has been established.

Biodegradable starch-based composite material with bactericidal properties was obtained in this work. The material is promising as environmentally safe food packaging. Native potato starch was modified by graft polymerization of vinyl acetate. The synthesis was carried out in the presence of ammonium persulfate in the alkaline medium under a temperature change mode from 70 to 80 °C. The grafting efficiency was 82

We study the induction patterns of the solid form of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma (EAC) in mice in the short(1 month) and long-term (18 months) periods after inoculation of ascitic cells irradiated ex vivo with a proton beam at doses of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 Gr. The growth rate of solid tumors after inoculation of irradiated cells ex vivo coincided with the growth of tumors in the control group. The frequency of tumor induction in mice transplanted with EAC cells was dose-dependent and decreased from 80% to 0% along with an increase in radiation dose. Thus, using the ex vivo model of tumor cell irradiation followed by in vivo grafting allowed us to determine the parameters of the antitumor effect of new proton therapy regimens.

Body composition reflects the dynamic processes in a child’s development. The recommended restrictive diets for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) contribute to a high risk of sarcopenic muscle wasting as diagnosed by bioimpedancemetry.The aim of the study. To assess BMI and body composition in children with CKD, to identify features of body composition in patients with different BMI Z-score values.Materials and methods. The physical development of 110 children with CKD of different stages was assessed. Patients were divided into two clusters: Group 1 (92 children) with BMI from 10.95 to 21.5 kg/m2, BMI Z-score did not exceed +2.0 (without obesity); Group 2 (18 children) – BMI from 24.11 to 37.2 kg/m2, Z-score BMI – more than +2.0 (obese). All underwent bioimpedancemetry, the proportion of fat and active cell mass was assessed. The comparison was carried out by nonparametric statistics methods.Results. Changes in body composition were revealed: children without obesity had severe protein-energy deficiency in 7 cases (7.6 %). The difference in the proportion of fat mass in children of different groups, Me [Q1; Q3]: Group 1 – 18.00 % [14.00; 22.00], Group 2 – 35.00 % [21.98; 41.00], (Mann – Whitney U-test: U = 279.5, p = 0.00001). In Group 1, the active cell mass was 53.50 % [51.00; 56.00], in Group 2 – 41.50 % [39.00; 47.00] (U = 174.5, p = 0.000001), there were no significant differences in other parameters of bioimpedancemetry.Conclusions. The proportion of active cell mass is lower in overweight children, with a significant predominance of the proportion of fat mass, which indicates the depletion of protein reserves due to their redistribution and possible insufficient alimentary intake in advanced stages of CKD.

Among biocidal preparations, substances based on metal oxides (ZnO, TiO2, CuO, etc.) are widely used. These compounds are capable of suppressing the vital activity of bacteria, fungi, algae and are used in medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, as well as protecting industrial materials from bio-damage and biofouling

The article briefly describes the natural population movement in Russia between 1980 and 2021 with an emphasis on the depopulation proces-ses of the post-Soviet period.The root cause of depopulation is insufficient fertility to replace generations over a long time.The number of births is deter-mined by the number of female reproductive cohorts and their age structure in addition to the per-woman fertility.The study presents the features of the dy-namics of these indicators for childbearing-age women by constituent entities in the context of all-Russian trends.Demographic analysis of dynamic series distinguishing the populations of urban and rural areas has been used as a re-search method,with its information base being Rosstat data for 1980-2021.It is shown that the number of women of reproductive age,especially in rural areas,was decreasing faster than the total population of Russia.At the same time,nationwide,the number of women in the most fertile age groups of 20 to 34 years declined even more rapidly.The sharpest negative trends in the sizes of the considered cohorts were manifested in the Far Eastern Federal District,which has long been experiencing an outflow of migrants.In addition to the reduction in the total number of women aged 15-49 in Russia,their age structure also changed:the number and proportion of young women decreased in both the cities and in the countryside,while women of older reproductive a-ges with much lower fertility rates,on the contrary,became more prevalent.A particularly strong decline in numbers due to extremely low fertility in the 1990s was recorded in the most reproductively active age group of 25 to 29 years.As a result of such quantitative and qualitative changes associated with the long-term decline and aging of women of reproductive age,the country's prospects of exiting lingering depopulation by increasing the number of births are severely complicated.This complexity is even greater given the dramatic increase in the number of deaths from 2020 due to the spread of coronavirus.Thus,the natural population decline in 2021,record-breaking for the entire post-Soviet period,reinforces an extremely negative trend towards further de-population in Russia and its regions with the corresponding consequences for the future of the country,its socio-economic development,geopolitical sta-tus,and national security.The results of the study may be useful for the legis-lative and executive authorities when shaping and adjusting demographic poli-cy and socio-economic development strategies.The original article was pub-lished in the Russian journal Regions:Economics and Sociology,No.1,2023.With the consent of the author,it is published in Siberian Studies in Chinese.

Biodegradable polymer composite materials (PCM) based on modified starch and chitosan were obtained. Starch was modified by graft polymerization with acrylamide, chitosan with enanthaldehyde with the formation of Schiff bases, which ensured the combination of polysaccharides in an aqueous solution in the pH range of 3.5–5.8. The physicochemical and structural properties, as well as the biocompatibility and biodegradability of PCM were studied. The films based on modified polysaccharides are characterized by increased strength characteristics compared to the parent components. With the weight ratio of the starch/acrylamide grafted copolymer and chitosan being equal, the ultimate tensile strength of the composite films was 65 MPa at a strain of 11

The effects of a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field (1.5 Hz) and low-intensity laser radiation (0.3 and 0.7 W) on the activity of intracellular oxidoreductases of micromycetes, Penicillium cyclopium, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternata, which are active agents of biodegradation of industrial materials, were studied. The studied physical factors had dose-dependent effects on the activity of fungal intracellular oxidoreductases (catalase and peroxidase); both an increase and a decrease in enzyme activity were observed. An increase in the activity of enzymes can contribute to the manifestation of the adaptive properties of fungi to the action of such physical factors as low-intensity laser radiation and magnetic field. A decrease in the activity of intracellular catalase and peroxidase under the action of these factors may inhibit the vital activity of microorganisms.

The main problems of structures dynamic calculation using earthquake accelerograms are analyzed. The problems of setting design accelerograms, modeling rigidity and damping structure properties, as well as substantiating the seismic resistance criteria of structures are considered. The design seismic action generated for the structure and for the construction site is considered. Requirements are formulated for the accelerogram digitization and for the number of design accelerograms for a construction site, sufficient for assessing the structure seismic resistance. The difficulties of constructing design accelerograms and taking into account in calculations the accumulation of damage in a structure during seismic vibrations are indicated. It is noted, that calculations using accelerograms of strong earthquakes can be easily made only for structures with given parameters of limit states. For linear calculations, the problem of taking the system damping into account is analyzed. The criteria for limit states limiting the work of plastic deformation forces and the damageability of a structure are considered.