Magnesium phosphate powder precursors, specifically magnesium orthophosphate (Mg3(PO4)2), magnesium pyrophosphate (Mg2P2O7), and a eutectic composition based on them (3Mg3(PO4)2/2Mg2P2O7), were synthesized via aerosol pyrolysis and solid-phase synthesis. Post-pyrolysis annealing at 700 degrees C was employed to prevent cracking during ceramic processing. Sintering proved most effective for the eutectic composition, regardless of the synthesis method used Sintering ceramics at 1100 degrees C for 3 h, obtained from precursors after pyrolysis, made it possible to achieve a compressive strength of 170 f 2 MPa. When the temperature was increased to 1200 degrees C, materials produced via the solid-phase method exhibited the highest compressive strength of 130 f 6 MPa. The resulting ceramic materials maintained solution pH values between 7.4 and 8.5, a range suitable for clinical applications. Resorption studies in a citric acid model medium indicated that solubility increased with higher Mg: P ratios, suggesting that these biphasic ceramic materials are promising candidates for further in vivo studies. All synthesized samples demonstrated both biocompatibility and bioactivity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of 13 polypropylene mesh endoprostheses explanted due to hernia recurrences across an in vivo timeline ranging from 1 to 14 years, as well as the morphology of the surrounding tissues, to assess the possible influence of polymer degradation on explantation timing. Physical and mechanical testing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and histological assessment of tissue response to the implanted endoprostheses were employed. The tensile strength and elongation measurements of the explanted meshes remained within functionally acceptable clinical ranges, showing no statistically significant decline compared to baseline parameters. Polypropylene monofilaments of mesh endoprostheses were subjected to surface changes in the form of transverse cracks during exposure to patient tissues; however, the depth of these cracks was self-limiting (confined to 3-7% of the filament diameter) and did not affect the bulk strength properties of the endoprostheses. Histological examination demonstrated a chronic foreign body response that transitioned from early focal necrosis to a stable tissue capsule. While these data suggest that superficial micro-cracking did not markedly compromise bulk mechanical performance over the 14-year span, localized physical or biological tissue-implant interactions could still contribute to structural instability, meaning polymer degradation cannot be definitively ruled out as a contributing factor to recurrence in all clinical cases.

The present work is devoted to studies on the interaction of copper(II)-chloride, bromide, and nitrate with (3-alanine ((3-Ala, 3-aminopropanoic acid, NH2(CH2)2COOH). The complex compounds [Cu2(mu 2-(3-Ala)4 x 2] X2 center dot nH2O X = Cl (n = 1) (1), Br (n = 2) (2), [Cu2(mu 2-(3-Ala)4(H2O)2](NO3)4 center dot 4H2O (3) have been prepared in aqueous solutions from the initial copper salts and (3-Ala taken in the molar ratio of CuX2:(3-Ala = 1:2. All the complexes have been characterized by the powder-, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, IR-, ESI-MSspectroscopy, elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity (MTT assay) on the postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was found to be the dose-dependent one for both types of cells, [Cu2(mu 2-(3-Ala)4Br2]Br2 center dot 2H2O (2) demonstrating the highest difference in cytotoxicity for DPSC and MCF-7 at a concentration of 1 center dot 10-4 and 5 center dot 10-4 mol/L (survivability: 28.64 f 2.08 and 5.44 f 0.68 (MCF-7) and (61.57 f 4.49 and 22.01 f 1.74 % (DPSC)), in comparison with doxorubicin (Dox): 64.87 f 12.68 % (DPSC); 68.97 f 7.55 % (MCF-7)) at c = 1 center dot 10-4 mol/L. Quantum-chemical calculations (DFT method) allowed to predict the direction of complex formation and thermodynamic stability of the complexes obtained.

Novel three-dimensional porous composites of alginate–pectin (A/P) with zinc- or manganese-substituted hydroxyapatites (A/P-ZnHA and A/P-MnHA) were synthesized via lyophilization and calcium cross-linking. Powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed single-phase apatite formation (crystallite sizes < 1 µm), with ZnHA exhibiting lattice contraction (*c*-axis: 6.881 Å vs. 6.893 Å for HA). Mechanical testing revealed tunable properties: pristine A/P sponges exhibited an elastic modulus of 4.7 MPa and a tensile strength of 0.10 MPa, reduced by 30–70% by HA incorporation due to increased porosity (pore sizes: 112 ± 18 µm in the case of MnHA vs. 148 ± 23 µm-ZnHA). Swelling capacity increased 2.3–2.8-fold (125–155% vs. 55% for A/P), governed by polysaccharide interactions. Scanning electron microscopy investigation showed microstructural evolution from layered A/P (<100 µm) to tridimensional architectures with embedded mineral particles. The A/P-MnHA composites demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity for the NCTC cells and good viability of dental pulp stem cells, while A/P-ZnHA caused ≈20% metabolic suppression, attributed to hydrolysis-induced acidification. Antibacterial assays highlighted A/P-MnHA′s broad-spectrum efficacy against Gram-positive (Bacillus atrophaeus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas protegens) strains, whereas A/P-ZnHA targeted only the Gram-positive strain. The developed composite sponges combine cytocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, potentially advancing osteoplastic materials for bone regeneration and infection control in orthopedic/dental applications.

Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause widespread lifelong infections. These characteristics of herpes simplex virus infections (HSVI) are associated with the presence of two phases in the infectious cycle: the lytic infection phase, which involves the formation of new viral particles, and the latent infection phase, during which the HSV remains in cells in a hidden form that is less accessible to the immune system. The lytic and latent phases of HSVI differ in the form of the viral genome, its localization, number of active viral genes, and expressed viral products. Lytic infection primarily occurs in epithelial cells, while the reservoir of latent virus is the nuclei of sensory neurons of the ganglia innervating the site of lytic infection. “Abortive” infection of Hela transfected cells is considered as experimental analogue of latent neuron infection, in which HSV-1 genomes were detected in the nuclei of surviving cells for up to 5 weeks, retaining the ability to reactivate and induce lytic infection. Frequent subclinical reactivation of HSV with the release of infectious virus has been identified in individuals who have had herpes infections and in healthy people with chronic HSVI. Relapses of herpes disease occur much less frequently. Intercurrent diseases are one of the leading factors in the reactivation of latent HSV. Reactivation of HSV can trigger the exacerbation or development of non-herpetic diseases, complicating their course. Inclusion of specific antiviral agents in the complex therapy of such patients shortened the time till remission onset. HSV reactivation is a prognostically unfavorable factor not only in active eye disease but also in clinical remission. According to our data, subclinical HSV reactivation in patients with remission of uveitis increased the systemic production of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic chemokines, thus contributing to the chronicization of a low-grade inflammatory process and the development of late post-uveal complications. The question of prescribing specific antiviral therapy to such patients remains relevant.

In the past, polyacrylamide hydrogel was a popular choice for breast augmentation filler, and many women underwent mammoplasty with this gel. However, due to frequent complications, the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel in mammoplasty has been banned. Despite this ban, patients experiencing complications still seek medical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of the polymer over a defined implantation period. Biopsies of breast implants were obtained from patients with 23 and 27 years of post-mammoplasty. These biopsies were meticulously purified from biological impurities and subjected to analysis using IR spectrometry, liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The findings revealed the presence of polyacrylamide hydrogel residues, along with degradation products, within the infected material. Notably, the low-molecular-weight degradation products revealed via gas chromatography are aggressive and toxic substances capable of inducing chronic inflammation. This study sheds light on the long-term consequences of polyacrylamide hydrogel implantation, highlighting the persistence of harmful degradation products and their role in exacerbating patient complications.

Powders of copper-, zinc-, manganese-substituted tricalcium phosphates (TCP) are synthesized; the composition and structure of the obtained compounds are studied. It is shown how copper, zinc, and manganese ions affect the phase composition and microstructure of substituted TCP powders. Composite materials based on a blend of polyvinylpyrrolidone with alginate (PVP:ALG) containing copper-, zinc-, and manganese-substituted TCP have been obtained. The thermal stability and mechanical strength of composite films crosslinked with polyvalent metal ions have been studied. The least strong, but at the same time more thermally stable, are composites crosslinked with alkaline earth metal ions. The test for cytotoxicity of extracts of the substituted TCP powders and composites has shown that the powders and composite materials with them are nontoxic and biocompatible. The study of the antibacterial activity of the materials against the Escherichia coli C600 strain has demonstrated that the growth of bacteria was inhibited by the samples co-ntaining copper-TCP and zinc-TCP. The composite with manganese-TCP showed no activity against Escherichia coli C600. The composites based on the PVP:ALG blend with copper- and zinc-substituted TCP can be considered as materials with an antibacterial effect to be used in medicine.

This article presents materials that highlight the bioengineering potential of polymeric systems of natural origin based on biodegradable polysaccharides, with applications in creating modern products for localized wound healing. Exploring the unique biological and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides offers a promising avenue for the atraumatic, controlled restoration of damaged tissues in extensive wounds. The study focused on alginate, pectin, and a hydrogel composed of their mixture in a 1:1 ratio. Atomic force microscopy data revealed that the two-component gel exhibits greater cohesion and is characterized by the presence of filament-like elements. The dynamic light scattering method indicated that this structural change results in a reduction in the damping of acoustic modes in the gel mixture compared to the component gels. Raman spectroscopy research on these gels revealed the emergence of new bonds between the components’ molecules, contributing to the observed effects. The biocompatibility of the gels was evaluated using dental pulp stem cells, demonstrating that all the gels exhibit biocompatibility.

A composite material based on electrospinning printed polyhydroxybutyrate fibers impregnated with brushite cement containing Zn substitution was developed for bone implant applications. Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were applied for materials characterization. Soaking the composite in Ringer's solution led to the transformation of brushite into apatite phase, accompanied by the morphology changes of the material. The bending strength of the composite material was measured to be 3.1 ± 0.5 MPa. NCTC mouse fibroblast cells were used to demonstrate by means of the MTT test that the developed material was not cytotoxic. The behavior of the human dental pulp stem cells on the surface of the composite material investigated by the direct contact method was similar to the control. It was found that the developed Zn containing composite material possessed antibacterial properties, as testified by microbiology investigations against bacteria strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the developed composite material is promising for the treatment of damaged tissues with bacterial infection complications.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

An alternative approach for the currently used replacement therapy in dentistry is to apply materials that restore tooth tissue. Among them, composites, based on biopolymers with calcium phosphates, and cells can be applied. In the present work, a composite based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and alginate (Alg) with carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) was prepared and characterized. The composite was investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scanning electron microscopy methods, and the microstructure, porosity, and swelling properties of the material were described. In vitro studies included the MTT test using mouse fibroblasts, and adhesion and survivability tests with human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). The mineral component of the composite corresponded to CHA with an admixture of amorphous calcium phosphate. The presence of a bond between the polymer matrix and CHA particles was shown by EPR. The structure of the material was represented by micro- (30–190 μm) and nano-pores (average 8.71 ± 4.15 nm). The swelling measurements attested that CHA addition increased the polymer matrix hydrophilicity by 200%. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of PVP-Alg-CHA (95 ± 5% cell viability), and DPSC located inside the pores. It was concluded that the PVP-Alg-CHA porous composite is promising for dentistry applications.

Purpose : to study the prevalence of various chronic infections, the frequency of their reactivation and characteristic associations of microorganisms in patients with optic neuritis of various etiologies. Material and methods . 13 patients with optic neuritis (ON) and 12 patients with ON and multiple sclerosis were tested for a broad range of infectious agents in their blood serum. Results . All patients were shown to have mixed infections; 64 % of them had an association of 4 or more infectious agents. The patients of both groups were infected with Epstein-Barr virus (100 %), Cytomegalovirus (92 %) and Herpex simplex viruses (92 %) types 1 and/or 2 with serological signs of their reactivation. The combination of Herpes virus reactivation, Toxoplasma and urogenital infection was more often detected in patients with demyelinating ON. In patients with multiple sclerosis, a mutual correlation was detected: the higher the degree of infection (combination of 5 or more pathogens), the lower the visual acuity at the onset of the disease (p < 0.05) and the less favourable the vision prognosis. Conclusion . Possibly, mixed infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ON, including that of demyelinating etiology, as a trigger or an aggravating factor.

Due to a significant influence of strontium (Sr) on bone regeneration, Sr substituted β‐tricalcium phosphate (Sr‐TCP) cement is prepared and investigated by short‐ and long‐term time‐resolved techniques. For short‐term investigations, energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and, for the first time, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy techniques are applied. For long‐term time‐resolved studies, angular dispersive X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, and behavior in Ringer solution are carried out. After 45 min of the cement setting, the Sr‐TCP phase is no longer detectable. During this time period, an appearance and constant increase of the final brushite phase are registered. The compressive strength of the Sr‐TCP cement increases from 4.5 MPa after 2 h of setting and reaches maximum at 13.3 MPa after 21 d. After cement soaking for 21 d in Ringer solution, apatite final product, with an admixture of brushite and TCP phases is detected. The cytotoxicity aspects of the prepared cement are investigated using NCTC 3T3 fibroblast cell line, and the cytocompatibility—by human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. The obtained results allow to conclude that the developed Sr‐TCP cement is promising for biomedical applications for bone tissue.

Purpose. To study the possible impact of human herpes viruses (HHV) reactivation: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1), type 2 (HSV 2), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein — Barr virus (EBV) on the clinical course of uveitis in Behcet's disease (BD). Material and methods. Serum samples of 106 BD patients (ave. age 39) with uveitis were examined for the presence of antibodies — serological markers of chronic HHV infection and reactivation. Results. In 65 patients (25 with active uveitis (UA), 40 with uveitis remission (UR)), HHV reactivation was detected (mainly HSV 1, less often HSV 2, CMV and EBV — in individual cases), 41 patients had chronic HHV (17 with UA, 24 with UR). Certain clinical symptoms of uveitis were found to depend on HHV activity. Clinical signs of active uveitis (cells in the vitreous body), as well as severe irreversible changes (social blindness and low vision) were significantly more frequently detected in cases of HHV reactivation (p < 0.05) than in chronic HHV. The data obtained allow us to suggest, with some caution, that a subclinical HHV reactivation which stays after the onset of clinical uveitis remission, is an important factor of postuveal complications that are mainly manifested during remission. These complications include epiretinal fibrosis, pronounced optic nerve atrophy, and vasculitis (arterial and venous occlusion). Conclusion. The remission period in patients with subclinical herpesvirus activity is less favorable than in patients without serological markers of HHV reactivation. HHV reactivation that persists after uveitis activity is stopped can contribute to sudden exacerbations of uveitis.

Non-infectious uveitis is one of the main and insufficiently studied causes of disability and blindness in patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases. Uveitis associated with spondyloarthritis, Behcet’s disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic sarcoidosis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome are described more often and better than others, but the pathogenesis of different variants of their course is not well understood. Also, there remains a need to study the clinical and pathogenetic features of uveitis in rare autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Despite the currently existing diagnostic and therapeutic schemes, further study of the pathogenesis of uveitis associated with immune-inflammatory diseases is required, the research of a personalized approach and an algorithm for joint multidisciplinary diagnosis by specialists in various fields. A deeper understanding of the specific pathogenetic mechanisms will reveal new possibilities in the treatment of patients with autoimmune uveitis. This article is devoted to the current clinical and differential diagnostic aspects, common features and distinctive features associated with various variants of the course of non-infectious uveitis in patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases.

In the previous part of the review clinical and diagnostic aspects of some non-infectious uveitis in patients with immunoinflammatory diseases were discussed. In this part we proceed the discussion of ocular manifestations of a number of other immunoinflammatory conditions. In addition to uveitis associated with spondyloarthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, Still’s disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic sarcoidosis described in the previous part, ocular manifestations are also common in systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome. Despite the numerous diagnostic schemes and therapy algorithms developed to date, much in the pathogenesis of uveitis associated with immuno-inflammatory diseases remains unclear. The need to develop personalized and multidisciplinary approaches for the treatment and diagnosis of non-infectious uveitis in numerous systemic immunoinflammatory diseases remains relevant. In-depth understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of immunoinflammatory processes will allow to develop new approaches in the treatment of patients with uveitis.

The synthesis, structure and properties of copper(II) perchlorate complexes with antipyrine (AP), [Cu(AP) 4 (H 2 O)](ClO 4 ) 2 and [Cu(AP) 5 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , are described and compared with those of alternative compounds containing different AP ligands.

Gadolinium-containing calcium phosphates are promising contrast agents for various bioimaging modalities. Gadolinium-substituted tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powders with 0.51 wt% of gadolinium (0.01Gd-TCP) and 5.06 wt% of (0.1Gd-TCP) were synthesized by two methods: precipitation from aqueous solutions of salts (1) (Gd-TCP-pc) and mechano-chemical activation (2) (Gd-TCP-ma). The phase composition of the product depends on the synthesis method. The product of synthesis (1) was composed of β-TCP (main phase, 96%), apatite/chlorapatite (2%), and calcium pyrophosphate (2%), after heat treatment at 900 °C. The product of synthesis (2) was represented by β-TCP (main phase, 73%), apatite/chlorapatite (20%), and calcium pyrophosphate (7%), after heat treatment at 900 °C. The substitution of Ca2+ ions by Gd3+ in both β-TCP (main phase) and apatite (admixture) phases was proved by the electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The thermal stability and specific surface area of the Gd-TCP powders synthesized by two methods were significantly different. The method of synthesis also influenced the size and morphology of the prepared Gd-TCP powders. In the case of synthesis route (1), powders with particle sizes of tens of nanometers were obtained, while in the case of synthesis (2), the particle size was hundreds of nanometers, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The Gd-TCP ceramics microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscopy was different depending on the synthesis route. In the case of (1), ceramics with grains of 1–50 μm, pore sizes of 1–10 µm, and a bending strength of about 30 MPa were obtained; in the case of (2), the ceramics grain size was 0.4–1.4 μm, the pore size was 2 µm, and a bending strength of about 39 MPa was prepared. The antimicrobial activity of powders was tested for four bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium, and E. faecalis) and one fungus (C. albicans), and there was roughly 30% of inhibition of the micro-organism’s growth. The metabolic activity of the NCTC L929 cell and viability of the human dental pulp stem cell study demonstrated the absence of toxic effects for all the prepared ceramic materials doped with Gd ions, with no difference for the synthesis route.

Interaction of zinc(II)- and copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrates with nicotinamide (Nia – nicotinamide, niacinamide, 3-pyridinecarboxamide, C5H4NС(O)NH2) has been studied. It has been demonstrated that complex compounds [Zn(Nia)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2 (1) and [Cu(Nia)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 ⋅ 2H2O (2) are formed in aqueous media at the molar ratio M(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O : Nia = 1 : 2. Both compounds are the ionic ones. Geometry of complex cation (1) may be represented as a distorted octahedron in which nicotinamide molecules are in the trans-position. The same position of ligands is found for planar complex cation (2). Cytotoxicity of the prepared compounds (MTT assay) has been determined with respect to dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Antiproliferative activity has been studied relative to 10 cancer cell lines, complex compound (1) being the most toxic for C6, Panc-1, U251 cell lines (survivability below 15%).

Barium-substituted tricalcium phosphates containing 0.43 and 4.28 wt % barium have been prepared via mechanochemical activation and precipitation from aqueous solutions, followed by calcination. We have determined the phase composition of the synthesized compounds and the specific surface area of the powders and evaluated their sinterability. The synthesized powders were sintered at temperatures of 1100, 1150, and 1200°C to give ceramic samples. We studied linear shrinkage of the samples during sintering, determined the bending strength of the ceramics, and examined their microstructure. The biological properties of the ceramics were studied in vitro using mesenchymal stem cells isolated from tooth pulp. The results demonstrate that the ceramics are not cytotoxic and can be used in reconstructive bone tissue surgery.