The paper analyzes multispectral remote sensing data to identify surface scattering halos of potentially toxic elements in the area of the Kounrad mine dumps (Pribalkhashye, Central Kazakhstan). As a result of processing the satellite imaging data, spectral indices were obtained that characterize the material features of the studied surface deposits. The obtained results allowed specifying the necessary elements of the geological structure of the territory, to identify areas of probable accumulation of toxic elements, which are of the main interest for subsequent lithological and geochemical studies. In particular, indices were obtained that characterize the general geological structure of the territory. Including its structural and tectonic elements and probability indices of the spatial distribution of three different types of substances identical to those contained in the dumps of the Kounrad mine were constructed. Using the obtained data, two main types of anomalies, both natural and anthropogenic, were identified in the area around the mine and its dumps, which in some places spatially overlap. The obtained results served as a base for integrating heterogeneous data into a single information system (GIS). The high efficiency of the used techniques demonstrated. In addition, it is confirmed not only by both the comparison of the results obtained in the control areas, and by subsequent lithological and geochemical studies.

The paper discusses the structural-morphological characteristics of the ore horizon of the Buranny site of the Tomtor deposit (Arctic Siberia). At the base of the ore layer, the Northern and Southern depressions are established, separated by a linear elevation of sublatitudinal strike. In the Northern Depression, the pools of two submeridional structures are completely filled with ore material, and the pools of the third are partially filled. The pools of the sublatitudinal structure of the Southern Depression are partially filled with ore material. All pools are additionally filled with Permian coarse coal-bearing sediments. Differentiation of REE2O3 and Y2O3 within the ore layer is observed. The proportion (%) of Y2O3 from the sum of REE2O3+Y2O3 (YREE+Y) varies from 0.86 to 21%. Maximum values are observed at the saddles of the base of the ore layer, in local depressions of saddles or at the edges of pools. Ores with high YREE+Y values contain authigenic phosphates of both LREE and Y; the content of MREE and HREE increases in such ores. It is assumed that fluctuations in Eh-pH parameters during the accumulation of ore matter led to the fractionation of rare earth elements.

The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age is determined for K-bearing minerals from high-K nepheline syenite (rischorrites), liebenerite and carbonatized nepheline syenite, and pseudoleucite syenite of the Bogdo alkaline massif (Arctic Siberia). The polychronous formation of alkaline complexes of the Tomtor type at the Paleozoic stage is revealed from summarizing and analysis of the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age data on the thermochronological diagram for minerals of rocks of the Tomtor massif, Udachnaya–Vostochnaya kimberlite pipe, and alkaline rocks of the Bogdo massif. The isotopic data indicate a complex three-stage evolution of rocks of the massif with the most productive Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous rare metal–rare earth element mineralization. The Devonian stage of the formation of the Tomtor and Bogdo massifs is related to the impact of the Vilyui plume on the eastern margin of the Siberian Craton. A similar age range is registered during the formation of rocks of the Kola alkaline province.

This work contains an analysis of the total content of petroleum products (hydrocarbons) in samples and columns of bottom sediments (BS) of the Noril’skaya–Pyasino group of water objects contaminated as a result of a diesel fuel spill from the CHPP-3 reservoir at AO NTEC near Norilsk. Two methods—fluorimetry and gas chromatography—have been used for analysis. Gas chromatography is also used to obtain the distribution of n-alkanes in extracts from BS and study the contribution of hydrocarbons (HCs) of diesel fuel and of slightly mature organic matter from modern sediments in the total content of HCs. The HC composition of diesel fuel and of chloroform extracts from BS is determined. It is shown that the pollution of BS in Lake Pyasino with HCs is insignificant when compared with their background content, and the maximal pollution is revealed for BS in the Ambarnaya River.

ПЕРВЫЕ ИТОГИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ НОВОГО ПОДХОДА К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ АКТИВНЫХ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ И НАЗЕМНЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ

В результате комплексных структурно-геологических и металлогенических исследований, с учетом ранее проведенных работ авторов, начатых в 80-е годы, установлено, что юго-восточная часть Восточного Саяна сформировалась преимущественно в неопротерозое– раннем палеозое в условиях многоэтапной покровной тектоники и тектоно-магматической переработки автохтонных и надвинутых на них аллохтонных океанических (офиолитовых), островодужных и окраинноморских террейнов, а также амальгамации аккреционно-коллизионных и постколизионных магматических комплексов, возникшими при открытии и последующем закрытии окраинных структур Палеоазиатского океана. В среднем и позднем палеозое продолжались активные внутриплитные вулканоплутонические процессы в условиях разрывных нарушений сдвиго-надвигового типа, приведшие к образованию новых покровно-купольных структур и перераспределению рудного вещества (золота и пр.) в крупных месторождениях полезных ископаемых. Окончательно структура Восточного Саяна оформилась в раннем кайнозое в результате отдаленной коллизии Индии и Евразии.

In the north of the Siberian Platform, east of the Anabar Shield, several identified massifs of alkaline rocks with carbonatites are known: Tomtorsky, Bogdo, Promezhutochniy, as well as Bualkalakh, Chuempe, Uele, which are projected according to geophysical data and forming a large alkaline-carbonatite province. The first data on the composition of alkaline rocks of the Bogdo massif were obtained, which correspond to a group of feldspathic rocks of the main composition: rischorrites, biotite-aegirine libenerite syenites, carbonatized, with symplectites and nepheline-feldspar aggregates, pseudo-leucite nepheline syenites. Sphenes were extracted from various types of rocks of the Bogdo massif and their U-Pb age was determined using the SHRIMP-II secondary-ion microprobe. The calculated U-Pb age corresponds to 394,4 3,2 Ma, which is close to the age stage established for the Tomtor massif and the age of the rocks of the Kola alkaline province. One of the reasons for the manifestation of alkaline plume magmatism in this territory may be the influence of the peripheral zone Africa Large Low Shear Velocity Province (Tuzo) in the Baltic and Siberia during the Devonian era.

На севере Сибирской платформы, восточнее Анабарского щита, известно несколько выявленных массивов щелочных пород с карбонатитами: Томторский, Богдо, Промежуточный, а также прогнозируемых по геофизическим данным Буолкалах, Чюэмпэ, Уэле, образующих крупную щёлочно-карбонатитовую провинцию. Получены первые данные о составе щелочных пород массива Богдо, которые соответствуют группе фельдшпатоидных пород основного состава: рисчорритам, биотит-эгириновым либенеритовым сиенитам, карбонатизированным, с симплектитами и нефелин-полевошпатовыми агрегатами, псевдолейцитовым нефелиновым сиенитам. Из различных типов пород массива Богдо выделены зёрна сфена и определён с помощью вторично-ионного микрозонда SHRIMP-II их U-Pb-возраст. Рассчитанный U-Pb-возраст соответствует 394,4 ± 3,2 млн лет, что близко к возрастному этапу, установленному для массива Томтор, и к возрасту пород Кольской щелочной провинции. Одной из причин проявления щелочного плюмового магматизма на этой территории может быть влияние периферической зоны Africa Large Low Shear Velocity Province (“Tuzo”) в девонскую эпоху на Балтику и Сибирь.

A system of complex multiparametric description of landscape was developed on micro- and mesohierarchical levels. The field descriptions conducted in Chuya steppe following this system resulted in the database of geological data containing qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the ground ecosystems of Chuya steppe and their basic components (relief, rocks, soils, vegetation). We tested a technique for automatic calculation of specific areal ratio of abiotic and biotic components of a microlandscape using digital photographs of standard plots. We used triangular diagrams to analyze the composition of mesolandscapes. The obtained results can be used for deciphering and interpreting the data of remote sensing of the Earth as well as for map-making and modeling of geosystems on both local and regional levels.

In 1998 it has been organized the service which uses remote sensing data (RSD) processing techniques for monitoring and prediction of the fire situation on the basis of the West-Siberian Regional Centre of Reception and Data processing (WS RCRDP), at the participation of the Novosibirsk Regional Center of Geoinformation Technologies (NRCGIT SB RAS). Accuracy of referencing for the Novosibirsk region is up to 1 pixel (satellite NOAA-14, sensor AVHRR, space resolution is 1 km). Thin plate spline is used for received NOAA images georeference correction. Currently the data of the MODIS sensor from the Terra satellite is accessible. A hot spot coordinates determination accuracy on images received after the geometrical correction is less than one pixel (up to 1 km) and in the case of higher resolution channels utilization is less than one quarter of the pixel (up to 250m). A whole system of the forest fires monitoring consists of two independent parts: “component of RSD processing” and “GIS-component.” The “component of RSD processing” performs: data reprocessing (calibration, image georeferencing) and hotspots detection. The “GIS-component” is intended for secondary data processing. The input data is analyzed by the overlay analysis of the fire seats geometry. Formation of reports and processing results archiving are also performed. End users derive data not in physical coordinates “latitude-longitude,” but in their standard forest management system nomenclature -- Forestry - forest area - wood block.” This lightens utilization of the derived result of the processing by forest-guards. It is also planned to develop the module which performs an estimation of the damage, inflicted by forest fires.

Greenstone and ophiolite belts of different ages in southern Siberia are compared. The Archaean Olondo greenstone belt (3.0-2.9 Ga) within the Aldan Shield is different from younger ophiolite belts. The Early Proterozoic Baikal-Muya ophiolite belt (approximately 1.9 Ga) containing both komatiites and a complete ophiolitic sequence of the tholeiite series, and the Late Proterozoic-Early Cambrian (0.6-0.52 Ga) Kurtushibin and Ilchir ophiolite belts in western and eastern Sayan are fairly comparable with young ophiolites and modem crust of oceanic type. In the Olondo greenstone belt, there are komatiite and tholeiite series that are represented by both volcanic rocks and differentiated sills, but no dyke complex is present. In the Baikal-Muya ophiolite belt there are metavolcanic rocks (including komatiites and komatiitic basalts), a dyke complex, upper cumulate gabbros and lower metaperidotites. Ophiolites of the Kurtushibin belt in the western Sayan and Ilchir belt in eastern Sayan are examples of complete ophiolitic sequences with long and complicated evolution histories including development of a marianite-boninite series of primitive island-arc type.Asbestos, chromite, Fe-Ti oxide, polymetallic and gold deposits occurring in Precambrian ophiolites are briefly described. When ophiolites appeared about 2.0-1.9 Ga ago, Cr, Ni, Cu and asbestos were concentrated within them. The composition of ophiolites and associated ores changed significantly with time. A change in upper mantle convection may be the key to the magmatic and metallogenic evolution.