Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7, POA), a 16-carbon ω-7 monounsaturated functional fatty acid, has been demonstrated a variety of beneficial properties to human health and a wide range of applications in nutrition, medical and chemical industries. Lipozyme® RM IM (Rhizomucor Miehei lipase), a Sn-1,3 specific lipase, was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of seabuckthorn fruit oil and produce monoglycates rich in palmitoleic acid. The fruit oil of seabuckthorn was used as the research object, the dosage of enzyme taking 10% wt.% oil, the influence of water/oil ratio, pH value and reaction temperature to hydrolysis rate were investigated, and then the response surface methodology was applied for optimizing the process conditions. Further, the relationship between the hydrolysis rate and the content of monoacylglycerol was studied under the optimal hydrolysis conditions. The result indicated that the optimal combined condition is as follows: the reaction temperature is 55°C, the pH is 7, the water-oil quality ratio is 1:1. The hydrolysis rate achieved 79.59% within 12 h in the condition above. Under the optimal conditions, the hydrolysis rate was positively correlated with the content of monoester, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 within the first 10 h of the reaction. The hydrolysis rate was 66.76% at 10 h, and the content of monoglyceride reached the highest of 61.11%. Hereafter, the hydrolysis of monoglyceride began if the reaction continued. The content of palmitoleic acid increased from 27.11% to 40.84%, and that of linoleic acid increased from 4.51% to 33.34%, so the total amount of the two functional fatty acids reached 74.18%. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be an effective way to improve the function of seabuckthorn fruit oil.

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) from plant extracts is important in nanotechnology because the employed methods are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. In this study, silver NPs (AgNPs) were synthesised using Chinese tea (Oolong tea) extract. The effects of the relative content of the employed silver nitrate, the reaction temperature, the incubation time, and the tea-to-water ratio on the formation of the AgNPs were examined. The synthesised AgNPs were also analysed by UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The NPs were observed to be highly crystalline, approximately spherical, and 10-50nm in diameter. They were also tested for their use in preserving the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes, with good results obtained. The tea AgNP treatment was specifically found to reduce the weight loss of the tomatoes, as well as changes in their total soluble solids, vitamin C, and titratable acid contents. The findings of this study indicate that postharvest tea AgNP treatment affords a clean, safe, high-quality, and environmentally friendly method for extending the shelf life of fruits.

For many of measurements, it is important to know the interaction of the measuring device with the artefact being measured in order to determine the accurate magnitude of the quantity. Mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical and chemical properties of materials are also important parameters that need to be quantified at the micro and nanometre level. In this review, we introduce principles of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and related technique; and also give the advance in nano-/micro-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) measurements using SPM. Firstly, we described state of the SPMs, their essential components and recent developments in this field. Then, conventional as well as advanced instruments have been addressed, measurement requirements discussed for measurement and fabrication. Finally, many different applications of SPMs in micro/nano electronics fields such as high resolution imaging, micro/nano-electronics, Metrology and manipulation and spectroscopy have been described in the article. Nevertheless, SPMs are advancing, supported by user-friendly and application-oriented features, improved software and combination with other instruments high precision measurement fields.

Melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) not only retain the inherent characteristics of melanin (metal ion chelation,photothermal conversion property,etc.),but also can exhibit more excellent properties,such as high dispersion stability,good biocompatibility and biodegradability,etc.Furthermore,these performances can be enhanced to target the specific sites and treat diseases by the surface modification or combination with functional substance.In this paper,the characteristics,preparation methods and applications of MNPs were reviewed.It provides a reference for further development of application for MNPs,and theoretical basis for practice in biology,medicine and so on.

对单个电子自旋的研究和控制对于原子陀螺有着极巨大的潜在应用和科学意义,而氮空位中心（nitrogen-vacancy center）作为一个稳定的电子自旋控制体系正在成为研究热点。在利用NV中心进行原子陀螺的控制中,微波的传输对于原子陀螺灵敏度具有重要的影响作用。而基于NV中心的原子陀螺系统中高效率的微波照射机构是非常重要的一项。通过对微波照射机构进行设计,并利用Comsol软件对微波在SMA探头中的衰减进行仿真,得到了最优化的实验条件,这为后续提高基于NV中心进行原子陀螺的灵敏度奠定了基础,对基于NV中心进行原子陀螺系统的开发、磁信息检测具有重要的作用。