Purpose of the study. To give a qualitative and quantitative assessment of different types of tumor microvessels depending on the histological type of cervical cancer (CC).Material and methods. The tumor samples from 76 patients with CC stage I–IIA who received the surgical treatment on the first phase were the object of study. The immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies to CD34 and podoplanin. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software.Results. In CC, the following types of tumor microvessels have been identified: normal microvessels, dilated capillaries (DCs) with a normal endothelial lining, DCs with a weak expression of CD34, DCs of contact type, capillaries in the solid component of tumor, the atypical dilated capillaries (ADCs), the structures with partial endothelial lining and the lymphatic capillaries in lymphoid and polymorphic cell infiltrates. It was found that DCs with a mild expression of CD34 (p=0.0005), DCs of contact type (p=0.000005), and capillaries in the solid component of tumor (p=0.006) were correlated with the prognosis in early CC. The detection frequency of this tumor microvessels was lower in more prognostically favorable squamous non-keratinizing CC, while in the prognostically unfavorable squamous cell keratinizing CC and adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri, the higher DCs values with a mild expression of CD34 (р=0,004 and р=0.005, respectively) and DC of contact type (p=0.02 and p=0.14, respectively) were typical.Conclusion. We consider it is expedient to further study the relationship of different types of tumor microvessels with clinical and morphological characteristics and prognosis of cervical cancer.

The purpose of the study was to systematize and summarize modern ideas about the role of hypoxia in the development of tumor radioresistance. Material and Methods . PubMed, eLibrary and Springer databases were used to identify reviews published from 1953 to 2020, of which 57 were selected to write our review. Results . Radiation therapy is one of the most important components in cancer treatment. The major drawback of radiation therapy is the development radiation resistance in cancerous cells and secondary malignancies. The mechanisms of cancer radioresistance are very complicated and affected by many factors, of which hypoxia is the most important. Hypoxia is able to activate the mechanisms of angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and contribute to the formation of the pool of cancer stem cell, which are characterized by chemo- and radioresistance. In turn, the severity of hypoxia largely dependent on tumor blood flow. Moreover, not only the quantitative but also the qualitative characteristics of blood vessels can affect the development of tissue hypoxia in the tumor. Conclusion . A comprehensive assessment of the severity of hypoxia, as well as characteristics of angiogenesis and EMT can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of development of cancer radioresistance.

Purpose of the study. To analyze the treatment long-term results of patients with cervical cancer (CC) depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease.Patients and methods. 75 patients with stage I cervical cancer at the age of 21 to 76 years, were included in this retrospective study. All patients have been operated at the first stage of treatment in the Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncology Center from 2008 to 2013. Patient data was obtained from patient card and the "cancer-register". The statistical analis of the results was performed using the Statistica 6 software.Results. Recurrence of disease was detected in 7 patients and 7 patients died after treatment. 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 90,3%. 5-year RFS was: 95.2% and 66.0% — in depth of invasion of 10 mm or less and more than 10 mm (p=0.0004); 94.4% and 89.5% — in stages IA and IB (p>0.4) and 80.6% and 97.6% — in the presence and absence of adjuvant radiation therapy (p=0.002), respectively. 5-year OS was: 96.7% and 47.0% — in depth of invasion of 10 mm or less and more than 10 mm (p=0.00001); 97.0% and 84.2% — in stages IA and IB (p=0.07); 80.6% and 97.6% — in the presence and absence of adjuvant radiation therapy (p=0.02), respectively. There were no recurrence in 11 patients with IB stage, who did not receive adjuvant RT and, but ones were observed in 6 patients with stage IA — IB, who received the adjuvant RT.Conclusion. These results indicate that the use of only clinical and morphological factors is not sufficient to accurately assess of the CC prognosis and the search for new markers of the CC recurrence risk has not lost its relevance.

The review presents modern ideas about the origin of tumor vessels and the features of their morphology. The various approaches to the classification of tumor vessel types and to the assessment of their clinical and prognostic significance are described. Also, the main problems associated with the use of angiogenesis blockers in the treatment of malignancies and their possible solutions are reflected in the review.