The article considers a step-by-step strategy of sequential use and adjustment of a parallel model to an object of identical structure with orthogonal operators, a series-parallel model to an object with the connection of operators of a certain type for orthogonal approximation in order to obtain asymptotically unbiased estimates of coefficients of a structurally identical to a dynamic object of a mathematical model under conditions of noise of measurements of the initial variable of the identification object and non-convexity of the proximity functional of the initial variables of the object and the model in a space of coefficients of the object’s mathematical model. Structural diagrams of each stage of identification are given using refined parameters and the structure of the model of object. This algorithm was implemented to identify the parameters of the mathematical model of aircraft, provided that the sample of experiment data is limited and there is of the initial a significant range of deviations of state variables from the basic mode.

The methodology of the correct identification of the aerodynamic coefficients of the aircraft is considered, namely the determination of the partial derivatives of the aerodynamic forces and moments of the aircraft according to its state variables. The method of determining static (balancing) dependencies from short-term dynamic modes of a natural experiment is also presented. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by the practice of determining the aerodynamic coefficients and aerodynamic characteristics of various aircraft.

The methodology of creating functionally reliable adaptive optimal systems of automatic control of objects, which have naturally existing characteristics of nonstationarity, nonlinearity, nonautonomy has been considered. This methodology is based on the principle of consistency of identification and control systems in the task of designing an adaptive control system when filtering is focused on optimality of identification, identification – on optimal control and control on the main indicator of optimality of the system. When the apriori information is limited, the global extremum is achieved on the basis of a multi-step relaxation process of optimization of each of the filtering, identification and control subsystems based on the accumulation of a posteriori information. Functional reliability and optimality is achieved by building an object identification subsystem focused on the management quality indicator. The workability of the considered principle was verified when solving the problem of optimal adaptive control of the roll channel of the missile and the problem of adaptive speed-optimal control along the real object roll channel by an optimally stabilized system.

Theoretical and experimental studies of the granulation process of mineral fertilizers were considered in order to identify a mathematical model of the relationship between the vibration noise spectrum of the installation and the fluidized bed distribution of granule mass by diameter, as the main indicator of the quality of the granulation product. A method of current (inertial-free) control of granule mass distribution by diameter in optimal time has been developed. The current control of the distribution based on the analysis of the noise of the installation allows you to optimize this process in terms of the quality of the output product and minimize the cycle time of its production.

An explanation of any physical phenomenon is essential, both theoretically and practically. The phenomenon discovered by the Austrian engineer J. Huber, the so-called “Huber effect,” posits that if an electric current passes through an already moving wheelset of wheels of a railroad train from one rail of a railway to another, an additional accelerating mechanical force arises in the direction of travel. From 1951 to the present, scientists have tried to explain and utilize this effect. A brief overview of these explanations and their contradictions in theory and experiment is given. However, they have become important for finding an explanation that does not contradict the laws of classical electrodynamics and experimental data.

The multi-step process of structural-parametric identification of mathematical models of control objects according to the principle of rational complication is considered. Identification specifies the mathematical model of the object and methods of its identification in the process of accumulation of a posteriori information. The quality of multi-step structural and parametric identification of an object depends on the amount of a priori information that grows after conducting experimental studies. For a qualitative solution to the problem, it is necessary to rationally complicate identification methods after analyzing the results of the previous identification step. Examples of application of the proposed principle of rational complication are given, which show its advantages in comparison with classical methods.

Пояснення того чи іншого фізичного явища конче важливе як у теоретичному, так і в практичному аспекті. Виявлене австрійським інженером Ж. Губером явище, так званий "ефект Губера", полягало в тому, що якщо від рейки до рейки залізничної колії через уже рухому колісну пару коліс залізничного потяга пропускати електричний струм, то виникає додаткова механічна сила в напрямку руху, яка збільшує швидкість. Із 1951 р. і дотепер учені багато разів намагались пояснити і використати цей ефект. Наведено короткий огляд цих пояснень та їх суперечностей теорії та експерименту, однак вони стали важливими для відшукання пояснення, яке не суперечить законам класичної електродинаміки й експериментальним даним.

Theoretical positions of different scientific directions are divided into abstract and applied. The first ones are not directly related to real-world objects, such as mathematics. They can be accurate. The second ones are connected, and therefore they are closer, because the real object is not an ideal not an independent system, but has an infinite number of connections (based on the law of general interconnection) with other objects. Because of it, in the theory of identification, as a science applied to real objects, there is a problem of identification: how to build a mathematical model under real constraints, according to which criteria it is considered optimal. The solution of this problem equates the applied theory of identification closer to mathematically rigorous science.

The publication, based on the fundamental property of all real processes, namely the smoothness of nonlinear causal relationships between the variables of the state of the object of identification and the variables themselves, presents a few of new identification methods that are simpler and more accurate than traditional. These methods are illustrated by examples of estimating the aerodynamic coefficients and balancing characteristics of aircraft, building a single mathematical model of the magnetization curve.

Проведен развернутый анализ существующих аппаратарно-технологических схем обработки виноматериалов холодом. Выделены проблемные места технологии обработки холодом, обоснованы пути оптимизации этого процесса. Выявлено преимущество систем непосредственного охлаждения виноматериалов. Изучены теплотехнические характеристики материалов изоляционных конструкций изотермических резервуаров. Установлены значимые показатели, определяющие эффективность изоляционных конструкций. Проведен детальный анализ теплоизоляционных свойств различных материалов, применяемых для термоизоляции резервуаров, а также стабильности этих свойств во времени в условиях реального производства. Даны рекомендации по выбору оптимальной изоляционной конструкции изотермических резервуаров. Приводятся сопоставительные данные по затратам электроэнергии в традиционной схеме обработки виноматериалов холодом и рекомендуемой. Делаются выводы о возможности сокращения и оптимизации энергозатрат на процесс обработки виноматериалов холодом. A detailed analysis of the existing machine and technological schemes for base wine cold processing was conducted. Problem areas of cold processing technology were identified; ways to optimize this process were established. The advantages of base wine direct cooling systems were revealed. Thermo-technical characteristics of insulating structure materials used in isothermal tanks were studied. Significant indicators that determine the effectiveness of the insulating structures were established. The thermal insulation properties of various materials used for thermal insulation of the tanks undergone in-depth analysis, along with stability of these properties over time under actual production conditions. Recommendations are given as to the choice of the optimal insulating design of the isothermal tanks. Comparative data on electricity consumption using the traditional base wine cold processing scheme and the recommended one is given. Conclusions are drawn about the ways to reduce and optimize energy consumption during base wine cold processing.

Розглянуто задачу сумісного оцінювання параметрів і змінних стану динамічних об’єктів. Показано, що при розв’язанні цієї задачі виникає проблема забезпечення збіжності процесу оцінювання. Запропоновано підхід, що гарантує збіжність за будь-яких початкових умов.

The development of experimental prototypes of new types of electric machines as well as searching for them the most effective application areas demands the profound theoretical research. An availability of an adequate mathematical model allows to predict possible errors in operating of upcoming prototypes during the design stage. The mathematical model of two-machine induction motor with the rotary inductor [1] in three-phase coordinate system is given in the article. Models of primary and secondary machines are divided into two structural units. An influence of a rotary inductor on the movement of a rotor is described in the model of the secondary machine, as well as the connection with the primary machine is provided through parameters of torque and rotating speed. Transient response plots are obtained for a two-machine induction motor operating under no load and under nominal load, as well as for the case when only the secondary machine is operating. Based on the plots, the different variants of starting of various motor parts are analyzed. The structure diagram of the model built in MatLab programming environment clearly shows the connection between the primary and secondary machines.

Запропоновано метод моделювання двомашинного асинхронного агрегата, що ґрунтується на розділенні моделей первинної і вторинної асинхронних машин на дві окремі структурні одиниці. Моделювання первинної машини від початку виконується у нерухомій відносно статора системі координат, у той час, як моделювання вторинної машини забезпечується переходом з рухомої в нерухому систему координат за допомогою оберненого перетворення Парка. У ході розроблення математичної моделі побудовано структурні схеми окремих блоків моделі і встановлено взаємозв’язки між ними. Ця математична модель згідно з результатами попередніх досліджень у галузі моделювання асинхронних машин дозволяє виявити особливості роботи досліджуваного класу електричних машин. Може бути використана для розроблення і дослідження електроприводу на їх основі.

На основі системного підходу розглянуто декілька спрощених закономірностей електродинаміки, їх логічна несумісність і подальше узгодження шляхом введення та оптимального оцінювання малого параметру.

ПРО МОЖЛИВІСТЬ МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ КІЛЬКОСТІ ГІДРОМЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНИХ СТАНЦІЙ* Національний університет харчових технологій, м

Розроблення експериментальних зразків нових видів електричних машин, а також пошук найбільш перспективних напрямів їх використання потребують ґрунтовних теоретичних досліджень. Наявність адекватної математичної моделі дозволяє передбачити можливі недоліки в роботі майбутніх зразків та уникнути їх на етапі проектування. Запропоновано математичну модель двомашинного асинхронного агрегата [1] з рухомим індуктором у трифазній системі координат. Моделі первинної і вторинної асинхронних машин розділено на дві окремі структурні одиниці. У моделі вторинної машини відображено вплив рухомого індуктора на рух ротора і забезпечено зв’язок з первинною машиною за швидкістю та електромагнітним моментом. Отримано графіки перехідних процесів для роботи двомашинного асинхронного двигуна у режимах холостого ходу і під навантаженням, а також під час роботи окремо вторинної машини. На основі графіків проаналізовано варіанти пуску вузлів двигуна. Побудована у середовищі MatLab структурна схема моделі наочно відображає зв’язок первинної і вторинної машин.

Розглянуто практичне застосування методів ноніусної ідентифікації і адаптації структури і параметрів системи автоматичного управління з еталонною моделлю на прикладі АСУ ТП витяжки кварцових трубок.

The method of the two-machine induction motor based on separation of models of primary and secondary machines as isolated entities is described in the article. Modelling of the primary machine is carried out in the coordinate system, that is stationary relatively to a stator, while modelling of a secondary machine is provided by a transition from the stationary coordinate system to rotating one with help of the inverse Park transformation. The structure diagrams of separate model blocks were built and interrelation between them was defined during the process of model development. This mathematical model, based on results of previous studies in the area of induction motor modelling, allows to see special aspects of the considered class of electric machines, as well as it can be used for development of an electric drive based on it.

The article deals with the problems of using a focused multilevel information system in optimal management. In order to make such a system more efficient, it is proposed to modify the least-squares method, which provides unbiased estimates of the parameters in the real situation of noisy measurements of input and output signals of the primary converters. Parameters are estimated using the proposed method, which ensures smoothing of external influences of the model under study on the results. The efficiency of the considered method is confirmed by comparison with the method of least squares.

The object of research is the process of producing electric cables with polymer insulation for ultrahigh voltages. One of the most problematic places is the presence in the contours of the regulation of the thickness of insulation layers, the noise of measuring the speeds of worms of extruders and the diameters of the insulation layers, and also the time delay. The noisiness of useful signals and the time delay adversely affect the accuracy of layer thickness control and the speed of regulation and can lead to loss of system stability. To solve this problem, a parametric identification method is proposed, which under real conditions of noisy measurements of control object variables gives an estimate close to the exact values of the parameters. A modified least squares method is used, which in the situation of noisy input and output signals provides an unbiased estimate parameters, and a smaller spread rating than conventional least squares method. This is due to the fact that the proposed method makes it possible to reduce the spread of the quadratic functional by additional averaging on the set of quasi-static independent functionals. In comparison with the analogous well-known least squares method, it provides an increase in the accuracy of identifying parameters in conditions of noiselessness of not only output but also input signals. The introduction of research results in systems of adaptive control of the thickness of polymer insulation layers in the production of cables for ultra-high voltage will improve product quality and improve production efficiency.