The article reviews the basic principles of treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The effects are described of injecting the autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction into the nervous tissues. The clinical cases and treatment results of curing the peripheral nerve injuries with autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction are described.

Research in the past decade allows us to consider liver perisinusoidal cells as a possible regional stem cells of the liver. Despite of this, there is no work dedicated to study their influence to liver regeneration. The aim of this work was to study liver regeneration after liver perisinusoidal cell transplantation in rats with CCL 4 and combination of CCL 4 and 2-acetylaminofluorene damage. Our results showed that in both models of toxic damage transplanted perisinusoidal cells are found in the recipient's liver and exhibit the properties of stem cells by differentiation into hepatocytes. Transdifferentiation of injected cells into myofibroblasts was not detected which indicates the absence of liver fibrosis risk after use of this cell type for cell therapy.

Most of the fundamental studies in the field of developing new methods for treating liver diseases in regenerative medicine are performed with haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. At the same time more and more importance is gaining need for finding new approaches enabling stimulation of regional stem cell compartment and using regional stem cells which are possibly represented by hepatic stellate cells. But studies aimed at their transplantation are rare. Previously, we have established the possibility of these cells to differentiate into hepatocytes after transplantation to rats with partial hepatectomy. In our present research we studied liver regeneration after transplantation of hepatic stellate cells on partial hepatectomy with 2-acetylaminofluorene damage model in rats. 2-acetylaminofluorene blocks hepatocyte proliferation. Results of study confirmed that hepatic stellate cells have the ability to differentiate into hepatocyte and stimulate it's regeneration without the threat of fibrosis after transplantation in rats with partial hepatectomy and administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Lately a lot of research has been focused on isolation of tooth stem cells. Our earlier studies showed that odontoblasts have a number of features typical for ectodermal cells, such as expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin 18. Aim: to obtain populations of ectomesenchymal cells from permanent teeth pulp with properties of stem and progenitor cells and characterize their phenotype in vitro. The pulp of permanent teeth of 15 patients (age 1829) was removed according to the orthodontic indications and used for stem cells isolation. The phenotype of derived cells was studied using the immunocytochemical staining method. Antibody staining for EMA, C-kit, cytokeratine 19, ESA, aSMA, Desmin, Vimentin, PCNA, Bcl-2. EMA and cytoceratine 18 expression was also confirmed by western blotting. The immunophenotype of obtained stem cells was determined by flow cytometry Significant expression of C-kit and Vimentin was observed at all times of cultivation as demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining. About a half of cells expressed EMA on all passages. First and second passages cells were characterized by expression of cytoceratine 18 which gradually decreased and to the fifth passage only single cells were positively stained. EMA and cytokeratin 18 expression was confirmed by western blotting. Flow cytometry revealed that cells obtained by us from human permanent teeth pulp were positive for CD29, CD90, CD10, CD54, CD56, CD166 and negative for CD14, CD34, CD45.

The proliferative process intensification in the disrupted organs is very important in reparative regeneration. But the possibility of pancreas cells proliferation during damage is not been studied. The aim of our work was to examine the proliferation activity of pancreas during the experimental alloxan diabetes. The work was made on 33 rats. Blood glucose levels were measured. Also the expression of nuclear antigen of proliferating cells PCNA was studied in pancreas cells. After the day of the experimental hyperglycemia PCNA expression in islet and acinar cells of pancreas was found, which was persisted at all stages of the experiment. After 2 days of the experiment single PCNA-positive cells with the cytoplasmic staining were found in the interstitium, near vessels and ducts. Proliferating cells, which produce insulin were found in islets during double staining. Thus, there is the proliferation in islet and acinar cells of pancreas during experimental diabetes type I after alloxan damage. Also, the results of our study confirms the ability of p-cells and progenitor pancreas cells proliferation.

Corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness and poor vision. Keratoplasty is the only effective method of treatment in case of corneal lesion or perforation. Since the use of the native cornea is restricted by the lifespan of the material and its limited availability, it is reasonable to use the preserved corneal transplants, especially in case of emergency. The analysis of 26 penetrating keratoplasties is adduced. One group of patients (22 eyes) were performed elective surgery, and the second group (4 eyes) urgent intervention. Patients were follow-upped for 24 months. All patients were examined by standard methods, additionally; the amount of endothelial cell was counted. Transparent engraftment was achieved on 18 eyes (81%) in the first group and three eyes (75%) in the second group. Endothelial cell density was 1500±200/mm 2. Visual acuity after surgery varies depending on the disease that caused keratoplasty, postoperative course, and the condition of posterior segment of the eye. Preserved cornea is a safe against blood transmitted infections, makes a penetrating keratoplasty possible in various diseases of the cornea, including the need for emergency surgery, and allows achieving a transparent and translucent engraftment in most cases.

Peribiliary glands are located along the large bile ducts. They are found in human and majority of the animals. Other than mucous production, their function had not been defined until recently. But nowadays the question of their multiple functions is actively studied. Due to the last years reports peribiliary glands contain multipotent stem cells, which can differentiate into hepatocytes, cholangiocytes or pancreatic islets cells. The structure and function of peribiliary glands, known experimental models and perspectives of peribiliary glands use in regenerative medicine are discussed in the review.

In recent years there were lots of researches focused on inhibiting connective tissue cells in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis. Most studies of the substances which can potentially be considered as drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis were performed on hepatic stellate cells. However, there is a theory of portal fibroblasts participation in liver fibrosis, as in most cases the processes of fibrogenesis start both at main portal tract and intrahepatic ducts. Suppression of fibrogenesis by preventing the activation and induction of apoptosis of portal fibroblasts are being considered as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

There were proposed several methods for stimulation of skin wound repair over the last few decades. The most perspective among them are gene and stem cell therapy. In our experiments we combined both approaches by application of human cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCB-MC) transfected with pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 plasmid to enhance healing of full thickness skin wounds in rats. Dual expression cassette plasmid pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 encodes both VEGF and FGF2 therapeutic genes, expressing pro-angiogenic growth factors. Our results showed that in 2 weeks after transplantation some transplanted cells still retain expression of stem cell and hematopoietic markers C-kit and CD34. Other transplanted cells could be found among keratinocytes, hair follicle cells, endothelial cells and in derma. Study of PCNA expression revealed that application of transfected cells terminate proliferative processes in regenerating wound earlier then application of untransfected cells.

The aim was to elucidate impact of gene therapy with plasmid encoding vegf165 on the muscle tissue pathohistology of patients with peripheral arterial diseases. Twice repeated intramuscular injections of plasmid («Neovaskulgen», RN LP-000671 from 28.09.2011) were performed to 6 patients (ischemia grade IIb-III by Pokrovsky-Fontaine) according to specification. Standart tredmill test, ankle-brachial index estimation were performed. Histological study of injured muscle biopsies taken before and 3 months after injection was performed. In intact muscles therapy with vegf165 leads to increase of mean cross-sectional muscle fiber area without significant angiogenic effect. In muscles with decreased capillary density this therapy leads to blood supply improvement promoting regeneration of muscles by myosatellites proliferation and increase of mean cross-sectional muscle fiber area and connective tissue degradation. Treadmill test showed painless walking distance increased by 31,74% on average (from 94,96±49,79 m to 139,11±60,78 m, p<0,05) in all patients. There was correlation of pathohistological analysis with clinical data.

The possibility of pancreatic cells transdifferentiation to hepatocyte-like cells in rat copper depletion-repletion model has been shown in a number of articles. The aim of our research was to study the role of pancreatic stellate cells in pancreas regeneration in the above mentioned model. 24 male Wistar rats were fed a copper-deficient diet, containing triethylenetetramine tetrahydrochloride, for a period of 8 weeks, then animals were returned to the normal rat chow for up to a period of 8 weeks. Animals were killed at the end of 4, 6, 8 weeks of copper-deficient diet and 4, 6, 8 weeks after they were returned to normal diet. Paraffin-embedded sections of pancreas were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to desmin, the pancreatic stellate cells marker. The acinar tissue structure destruction was observed starting from the period of 4 weeks of copper-deficient diet. Partial acinar restoration was observed 6 and 8 weeks after rats were returned to the normal balanced rat chaw. An increase in the number of desmin-positive stellate cells both in pancreatic acinar tissue and in islets was observed at all periods of experiment. Along with the partial acinar tissue recovery desmin-positive cells were found mainly in areas of newly formed pancreatic tissue.