利用多种观测资料和ERA5逐时再分析资料,对2020年第4号台风"黑格比"(Hagupit)登陆后引发金华东部极端强降水成因进行分析.结果表明:(1)台风主体环流内部中小尺度对流系统的活动是金华东部强降水事件发生的直接原因.棠溪站位于对流活动中心区域(TBB≤-50℃),附近回波强度一直维持在35 dBZ以上,最大回波顶高≥15 km,≥45 dBZ的强回波伸展高度在5 km左右,低于0℃层高度,符合热带海洋型强降水回波特征.(2)低空急流和地形抬升作用是本次强降水过程发生的重要原因.(3)高低空散度的良好配置增强了棠溪站上空的垂直上升运动,促使雨强猛增.(4)低空尤其是925 hPa强烈的水汽输送为强降水的产生和维持提供了充沛的水汽条件.(5)充足的不稳定能量也为强降水的发生提供了有利的环境条件.棠溪站处于假相当位温高能区(>356 K),且K指数一直维持在37℃以上,有利于对流活动的发生和强降水的出现.本次极端强降水过程是在强烈上升运动、水汽的持续输送、地形抬升和不稳定能量释放的共同作用下引起的.
利用2015-2021年金华有台风影响时段的ECMWF细网格数值预报降水量数据与浙江省国家基本站和区域自动站降水量实况数据,统计了台风中心在不同区域ECMWF降水预报存在的系统性偏差,并利用平均偏差和频率匹配法对EC台风降水预报进行订正与检验.结果表明:平均偏差法对于提高各个量级降水的TS评分要优于频率匹配法,对于东南区、东北区和西南区台风,10 mm、25 mm、50 mm以上量级降水订正后的TS评分比EC模式预报均有所提高.选取台风个例进行降水订正及检验也表明,利用平均偏差法订正,能够在一定程度上消除EC模式预报的系统性偏差,对10 mm以上量级降水的TS评分均有所提高,该方法能够为预报员开展智能网格降水预报订正提供帮助,具有一定的业务应用价值.
Wind partitioning and Shuman-Shapiro filtering are used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the local inland heavy precipitation in Zhejiang induced by Typhoon Yagi(2018) based on NCEP/NCAR 0.25°×0.25° reanalysis data and forecast products, black-body temperature(TBB) from FY-2 E meteorological satellite, and observations from radars and automatic meteorological stations. The results are as follows.(1) A vortex located in front of the typhoon(junction of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Jiangxi provinces) has a certain effect on the circulation in the middle and upper level, resulting in an asymmetric structure of typhoon circulation with typhoon center tilting to the southeast from low to high level.(2) Convergence at 925 hPa caused by inflow has a coupling effect with divergence at 700 hPa caused by outflow in front of the typhoon(along the downshear of low-level vertical wind shear).(3) The boundary layer convergence and surface convergence line are maintained in front of the typhoon for a long time and the westward movement of positive vorticity column with the typhoon leads to low-level convergence and duplicate effect in central Zhejiang, which is conducive to the inland heavy precipitation there.(4) The convergence of easterly flow, inflow in boundary layer, and the strengthening of southwesterly flow all contribute to the long-term maintaining of boundary layer convergence in central Zhejiang. In addition, the topographic effect also has a positive effect on the local inland heavy rain in central Zhejiang.
利用NCEPFNL 1°×1°的全球再分析资料、FY-2F卫星相当黑体亮温TBB资料、中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,重点分析了台风Lekima(2019)发展演变过程中的动热力结构变化和水汽分布特征与浙江极端强降水之间的关系.台风Lekima(2019)近海急剧加强为具有特殊双眼壁结构的超强台风,登陆前后环境水平风垂直切变维持较小值是主导台风高强度维持的重要原因.浙江上空维持着强盛的低层辐合和高层辐散场,高低层辐散风的高强度维持使得次级环流抽吸作用强,低层旋转风和辐散风对水汽、动量和热量的输送和分布起到显著的再分配作用,而中层的辐散风风向和风速变化对螺旋云带中的中尺度对流性降水具有重要的指示意义.登陆前后台风低层东北侧(超)低空急流和中层的辐合线是此次浙江台风暴雨的关键点,业务中需密切关注登陆前后台风东北侧的低空急流的影响区域及其变化.此外,700 hPa上非地转湿Q矢量散度场能较好指示未来1小时短时强降水的落区和强度变化,同时结合垂直速度场和低层水汽辐合场来综合判断台风降水落区的效果更佳.