The incidence and mortality of gynecological tumors are progressively increasing due to factors such as obesity, viral infection, unhealthy habits, as well as social and economic pressures. Consequently, it has emerged as a significant threat to women's health. Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable metabolic activity of tumor cells in glycolysis and its ability to influence malignant biological behavior through specific mechanisms. Therefore, it is crucial for patients and gynecologists to comprehend the role of glycolytic proteins, regulatory molecules, and signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment. This article aims to review the correlation between abnormal glucose metabolism and gynecologic tumors including cervical cancer (CC), endometrial carcinoma (EC), and ovarian cancer (OC). The findings from this research will provide valuable scientific insights for early screening, timely diagnosis and treatment interventions while also aiding in the prevention of recurrence among individuals with gynecological tumors.

铁死亡是一种新形式的调节性细胞死亡,其特征是脂质过氧化物的铁依赖性积累,该过程受多种途径调节,包括谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)途径、铁代谢和脂质代谢途径.铁死亡在各种生理和病理过程中起着关键作用,如组织稳态、癌症和神经变性.宫颈癌是全球女性第四大常见癌症,死亡率高.铁死亡可能参与宫颈癌的发病机制,并可能作为一个潜在的治疗及预后靶点.研究表明,抑制GPX4、铁螯合和调节脂质代谢途径可以诱导宫颈癌细胞的铁死亡.此外,一些天然化合物和药物已被证明可诱导宫颈癌细胞的铁死亡,具有作为宫颈癌治疗剂的潜力.研究铁死亡的机制及其调控途径,可能为宫颈癌治疗策略的开发提供新的见解.

The ovarian reserve is defined as the quantity of oocytes stored in the ovary or the number of oocytes that can be recruited. Ovarian reserve can be affected by many factors, including hormones, metabolites, initial ovarian reserve, environmental problems, diseases, and medications, among others. With the trend of postponing of pregnancy in modern society, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) has become one of the most common challenges in current clinical reproductive medicine. Attributed to its unclear mechanism and complex clinical features, it is difficult for physicians to administer targeted treatment. This review focuses on the factors associated with ovarian reserve and discusses the potential influences and pathogenic factors that may explain the possible mechanisms of DOR, which can be improved or built upon by subsequent researchers to verify, replicate, and establish further study findings, as well as for scientists to find new treatments.

子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)作为威胁女性生命健康的妇科三大恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势.在过去的30年里,EC总发病率上升了132％[1],死亡率则平均每年增加约2％[2].80％的EC患者可早期确诊,预后较好,但是仍有15％～20％的患者会出现复发或转移,如果发生局部播散或远处转移,5年生存率分别降至68％和17％[3].EC对女性生命健康的威胁已经不容忽视,然而,EC的临床诊治中仍存在诸多问题亟需解决,如人群中早期筛查方案缺乏、过度治疗的问题依旧存在、靶向治疗或免疫治疗的选择及患者长期管理等方面仍存在许多问题,而缺乏可靠监测手段是当前主要的临床困境之一,寻找更加高效便捷的用于指导临床决策的生物标记物对实现EC的精准治疗及个体化管理意义重大.

Studies have shown that aging significantly impacts tumorigenesis, survival outcome, and treatment efficacy in various tumors, covering high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Therefore, the objective for this investigation is to construct an aging-relevant risk signature for the first time, which will help evaluate the immunogenicity and survival status for patients with HGSOC. Totaling 1727 patients with HGSOC, along with their mRNA genomic data and clinical survival data, were obtained based on 5 independent cohorts. The Lasso-Cox regression model was utilized to identify the aging genes that had the most significant impact on prognosis. The risk signature was developed by integrating the determined gene expression and accordant model weights. Additionally, immunocytes in the microenvironment, signaling pathways, and immune-relevant signatures were assessed based on distinct risk subgroups. Finally, 2 cohorts that underwent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) were employed to confirm the effects of identified risk signature on ICI efficacy. An aging signature was constructed from 12 relevant genes, which showed improved survival outcomes in low-risk HGSOC patients across discovery and 4 validation cohorts (all P < .05). The low-risk subgroup showed better immunocyte infiltration and higher enrichment of immune pathways and ICI predictors based on further immunology analysis. Notably, in the immunotherapeutic cohorts, low-risk aging signature was observed to link to better immunotherapeutic outcomes and increased response rates. Together, our constructed signature of aging has the potential to assess not only the prognosis outcome and immunogenicity, but also, importantly, the efficacy of ICI treatment. This signature provides valuable insights for prognosis prediction and immunotherapeutic effect evaluation, ultimately promoting individualized treatment for HGSOC patients.

妇科恶性肿瘤因其高发病率和死亡率一直备受关注.根据国际癌症研究机构公布的2020年全球癌症综合统计数据显示,妇科恶性肿瘤占女性新发癌症病例的16.5％[1].目前妇科恶性肿瘤的治疗方式主要是手术与放化疗相结合,并辅以免疫治疗和激素治疗等手段,但病死率仍较高,严重影响女性生命健康及生活质量.

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤,其复发率及病死率较高.缺氧诱导因子(HIF)是一种存在于人体及其他哺乳动物体内的结合蛋白,主要功能是在低氧或缺氧条件下调节细胞稳态以适应缺氧环境,其表达水平与卵巢癌恶性程度有关.HIF能够通过参与糖代谢重编程、调控细胞自噬、调控肿瘤血管生成、诱导肿瘤干细胞表型、调控肿瘤恶性生物学行为、诱导化疗耐药等多种机制调控卵巢癌的发生发展.靶向HIF的抑制剂为卵巢癌的精准治疗提供了新的方案,目前部分研究已进入实践阶段,但仍需多中心、大规模临床试验以验证其有效性和实用性.深入探讨HIF在卵巢癌发生发展中的作用机制,或可为卵巢癌的新型靶向治疗提供新的见解.

子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势.通常可在疾病早期诊断,预后良好;然而,复发及转移患者预后较差.肥胖作为EC的危险因素之一,其在EC中复杂且广泛的致癌作用已被验证,而脂肪组织分泌的脂肪细胞因子在EC中的致癌和促癌机制也引发了持续的关注.本综述对既往关于脂肪细胞因子在子宫内膜癌中的作用及研究进展的相关文献进行了高度归纳和总结,阐明了脂肪细胞因子与EC的发生风险、分期分级以及远期预后的相关性,以及其在EC发生发展中的信号通路及作用机制.这些信息将可能有助于EC中全新的分子标记物的开发,新的治疗靶点的发现以及相关靶向药物的研究,进而在未来打破当下EC的早期筛查、早期诊断以及对复发及转移患者的治疗困境,从而改善EC患者的远期预后.

卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)是最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤,被称为"沉默的杀手".其发病率和死亡率一直居高不下,2018年全球有近30万新发病例和18.5万死亡病例[1],由于早期缺乏明显的症状和可靠的筛查手段,约80％的患者确诊时已是晚期,多已发生广泛腹腔转移,尽管采取积极手术减瘤并辅以贯序化疗,但大部分患者仍会复发,复发后易产生化疗耐药,5年生存率仅为15％～30％[2].因此,阐明OC发生发展的分子机制,确定早期筛查的生物标志物,设计新的治疗策略以改善患者预后至关重要.越来越多研究发现肿瘤细胞的糖酵解代谢活跃,可通过特定机制影响恶性生物学行为,本文就与OC相关的葡萄糖代谢异常展开综述,阐述糖酵解蛋白、调控分子以及信号通路在肿瘤发生、进展和治疗等方面的研究进展,为OC的早期筛查、及时诊治和预防复发提供科学意见.

卵巢癌是致死率较高的妇科恶性肿瘤,发病早期缺乏特异性症状及有效筛查手段,导致延迟诊断及不良预后.RNA结合蛋白(RBP)由多个重复序列组成,包含RNA识别结构域和RNA结合结构域,该结构域能够识别广泛的下游靶标并调节其催化活性,这些结构域通过重新排列,精确识别蛋白质,赋予RBP多种生物学功能.RBP可与蛋白质或mRNA、非编码RNA相互作用,形成核糖核蛋白复合物并通过转录后机制调节RNA转录物,这一过程包括RNA可变剪接、多聚腺苷酸化、RNA定位和稳定性及翻译后修饰.RBP可以调节原癌基因或抑癌基因的表达水平并参与卵巢癌的发展,其异常表达可导致转录组和蛋白质组水平的全基因组变化,导致卵巢癌细胞增殖、凋亡、转移及上皮—间质转化、化疗耐药.RBP或许可成为卵巢癌诊断、治疗及预后的有效生物标志物,为卵巢癌诊疗提供潜在靶点.