目的:探讨常规超声(US)、超声造影(CEUS)及动态增强核磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)评估乳腺浸润性导管癌病灶大小的准确性.方法:选取医院收治的39例(39个病灶)乳腺浸润性导管癌患者,术前均行常规US、CEUS及DCE-MRI 3种影像学检查,以术后病理结果为"金标准",比较常规3种影像学检查与术后病理结果测得肿瘤最大径的差异,比较3种影像学检查方式测量病灶大小的准确率、低估率及高估率.结果:常规US测量的乳腺浸润性导管癌病灶大小显著小于术后病理结果,差异有统计学意义(t=2.459,P<0.019);CEUS及DCE-MRI测量病灶大小与术后病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义.常规US低估率显著高于CEUS和DCE-MRI,其差异有统计学意义(x2=7.123,x2=3.566;P<0.05);CEUS及DCE-MRI测量病灶大小的高估率显著高于常规US,其差异有统计学意义(x2=2.885,x2=2.167;P<0.05);3种影像学检查方式准确率比较,差异无统计学意义.Pearson相关性分析显示,常规US、CEUS和DCE-MRI测量的乳腺浸润性导管癌肿瘤最大径与术后病理结果具有相关性(r=0.658,r=0.761,r=0.602;P<0.05).结论:常规US、CEUS及DCE-MRI评估乳腺浸润性导管癌病灶大小的准确率无差异,常规US易低估病灶大小,CEUS和DCE-MRI易高估病灶大小,CEUS较DCE-MRI更加安全便捷.

目的:探讨超声造影在乳腺良、恶性结节中的应用价值.方法:选取医院行乳腺结节超声造影的340例(344枚结节)患者,所有患者均行超声引导下穿刺活检或手术切除,根据病理结果将其分为良性组(227例、229枚结节)和恶性组(113例、115枚结节),恶性组中原位癌23枚结节,浸润性癌92枚结节,分析恶性结节的独立危险因素及超声造影对恶性结节的诊断价值,以及组间超声造影参数的差异.结果:多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,乳腺结节的增强范围、增强程度、增强均质性、形态、滋养动脉以及蟹足均为恶性结节的独立危险因素(OR=2.088,OR=2.127,OR=1.937,OR=3.387,OR=2.280,OR=2.757;P<0.05),且诊断价值较高.良性组与恶性组中原位癌比较,结节增强后形态、边界、蟹足及滋养动脉差异有统计学意义(x2=7.566,x2=5.794,x2=12.175,x2=19.442;P<0.05),原位癌与浸润性癌比较,仅增强范围差异具有统计学意义(x2=6.185,P<0.017).结论:超声造影不仅有助于乳腺良恶性结节的鉴别,亦可用于原位癌与良性结节的鉴别诊断.

AIM To assess the feasibility and efficiency of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) real-time guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study reviewed 21 breast cancer patients who scheduled for surgical resection performed CEUS real-time guided SLN-FNA and intraoperative SLN biopsy (SLNB). The success rate of CEUS real-time guided SLN-FNA was analyzed. The FNA diagnostic efficiency of SLN metastasis was analyzed compared to SLNB. RESULTS Twenty-six SLNs were detected by intradermal CEUS whereas 130 SLNs were detected by SLNB. The median SLNs detected by intradermal CEUS (n = 1) and by SLNB (n = 5) was significantly difference (p <  0.001). All 26 CE-SLNs of 21 patients were successfully performed intradermal CEUS dual image real-time guided SLN-FNA including 5 SLNs of 4 patients which were difficult to distinguish in conventional ultrasound. Compared to SLNB, FNA found 2 of 5 cases of SLN metastasis, the diagnosis sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Yoden index were 40%, 100%, 100%, 84.2%, 60%, 0%and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION SLN-FNA real-time guided by dual CEUS image mode was technically feasible. Patients with a positive SLN-FNA should be advised to ALND without intraoperative SLNB according to Chinese surgeon and patients' conservatism attitude. But a negative SLN-FNA did not obviate the need of conventional SLNB because of the high false negative rate.

目的:探讨超声引导下乳腺良性结节微创旋切术后血肿形成影响因素及其预后.方法:选取有完整随访记录的68例(79枚结节)乳腺结节患者,对其均行超声引导下乳腺良性结节真空辅助微创旋切手术治疗,于术后24 h、1周、1个月、3个月以及6个月时超声复查血肿形成及吸收情况,分析血肿形成的影响因素.结果:68例患者术后24 h有44例形成血肿,术后一周血肿吸收4例(占9.1％),术后1个月血肿吸收19例(占43.2％),术后3个月血肿吸收40例(占90.9％),术后6个月血肿吸收43例(占97.7％).多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,非纤维腺瘤良性乳腺病变、周边组织结构以脂肪组织为主、结节深度≤0.65 cm或≥1.5 cm和血流信号Adler血流分级2级或3级为血肿形成的独立危险因素(OR=6.5,OR=6.8,OR=14.1,OR=4.7;P<0.05).结论:超声引导下乳腺良性结节微创旋切术后血肿形成后无需特殊干预,可于6个月基本消失.非纤维腺瘤的良性乳腺病变、结节周边以脂肪组织为主、结节过深或过浅以及结节血流较丰富(血流信号Adler血流分级≥2级)是血肿形成的危险因素,此类结节应警惕血肿的形成.